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      Síndrome da encefalopatia posterior reversível em uma criança com síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica grave devido à COVID-19 Translated title: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a child with severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome due to COVID-19

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          Abstract

          RESUMO A síndrome da encefalopatia posterior reversível é uma rara síndrome clínica e radiológica caracterizada por edema vasogênico da matéria branca dos lobos occipital e parietal, que geralmente são simétricos, resultante de uma manifestação secundária de disfunção aguda do sistema cerebrovascular posterior. Descrevemos um caso de síndrome de encefalopatia posterior reversível secundária à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 em um menino de 9 anos de idade que desenvolveu insuficiência respiratória hipoxêmica aguda e necessitou de ventilação mecânica assistida. A criança desenvolveu síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica e foi monitorada na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica, tendo-lhe sido fornecidos ventilação mecânica e agentes vasoativos para suporte hemodinâmico. Além disso, desenvolveu manifestações clínicas pulmonares e extrapulmonares juntamente de manifestações neuropsiquiátricas que necessitavam de seguimento cuidadoso, tendo sido verificadas por ressonância magnética cerebral para intervenção oportuna. Atualmente, há poucos relatos de crianças com síndrome da encefalopatia posterior reversível associada à síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a rare clinical and radiological syndrome characterized by vasogenic edema of the white matter of the occipital and parietal lobes, which are usually symmetrical, resulting from a secondary manifestation of acute dysfunction of the posterior cerebrovascular system. We describe a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 9-year-old boy who developed acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and required assisted mechanical ventilation. The child developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome, and he was monitored in the pediatric intensive care unit and was provided mechanical ventilation and vasoactive agents for hemodynamic support. Additionally, he developed pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical manifestations along with neuropsychiatric manifestations that required close follow-up and were verified using brain magnetic resonance imaging for timely intervention. Currently, there are few reports of children with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome.

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          Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 1: fundamental imaging and clinical features.

          Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurotoxic state coupled with a unique CT or MR imaging appearance. Recognized in the setting of a number of complex conditions (preeclampsia/eclampsia, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, organ transplantation, autoimmune disease and high dose chemotherapy) the imaging, clinical and laboratory features of this toxic state are becoming better elucidated. This review summarizes the basic and advanced imaging features of PRES, along with pertinent features of the clinical and laboratory presentation and available histopathology. Many common imaging/clinical/laboratory observations are present among these patients, despite the perception of widely different associated clinical conditions.
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            Neurological Disease as a Failure of Brain-Immune Crosstalk: The Multiple Faces of Neuroinflammation.

            Neuroinflammation is common to various diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), but its imprecise definition has led to many misconceptions in research and clinical approaches. It is now recognized that neuroinflammation in chronic neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related dementia, is distinct from the inflammation that accompanies relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and its experimental animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here, we discuss the discrete features of inflammation in different CNS pathologies, given the current understanding of the CNS-immune crosstalk; the roles of the immune cells that are involved, their phenotypes, and their location and route of entry to the CNS. Understanding the term neuroinflammation to encompass a broad range of disease-specific conditions is essential for finding effective therapeutic approaches for these pathologies.
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              • Record: found
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              • Article: not found

              Vessel Wall Enhancement and Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy in a Pediatric Patient with Acute Infarct and COVID-19 Infection

              Herein, we report the findings of intracranial arterial wall enhancement, consistent with focal cerebral arteriopathy-inflammatory type, in a child presenting with acute infarct in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. To our knowledge, this report provides the first description of vessel wall imaging findings in COVID-19-associated acute stroke.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbti
                Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva
                Rev. bras. ter. intensiva
                Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - AMIB (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0103-507X
                1982-4335
                June 2022
                : 34
                : 2
                : 295-299
                Affiliations
                [3] San Borja orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud del Niño orgdiv1Departamento de Pediatria Peru
                [4] Lima orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud del Niño orgdiv1Departamento de Pediatria Peru
                [2] Lima Lima orgnameUniversidad San Ignacio de Loyola orgdiv1Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud Peru
                [1] Lima orgnameHospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins orgdiv1Departamento de Pediatria Peru
                Article
                S0103-507X2022000200295 S0103-507X(22)03400200295
                10.5935/0103-507x.20220028-pt
                38068e0d-e108-4842-8cc2-30dcaf98c36e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 October 2021
                : 17 December 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Relatos de Caso

                Encefalopatias,Síndrome de resposta inflamatória sistêmica,Criança,Unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica,COVID-19,Coronavirus infections,SARS-CoV-2,Brain diseases,pediatric,Infecções por coronavírus,Systemic inflammatory response syndrome,Child,Intensive care units

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