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      Giant cell tumor of the mandible

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a distinctive neoplasm characterized by abundance of multinucleated giant cells scattered throughout the stroma of mononuclear cells. Its importance lies in recognizing and differentiating the characteristic histology, which at times may mimic several other bone tumors and endocrine disorders ranging from locally aggressive giant cell granulomas to hyperparathyroidism to malignant tumors. The jaw bones account for less than 1% of the lesion. Ina literature search, we found only five cases of GCT of jaw bones based on the new criteria. We present a rare case of GCT of the mandible which occurred in a 12-year-old female.

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          Giant-cell tumor of bone.

          M Campanacci, N Baldini, S Boriani … (1986)
          Of 327 patients who had a giant-cell tumor of bone and were seen at the Istituto Rizzoli, 293 were treated at the Institute, and 280 of these were followed for two to forty-four years. The distribution according to sex and age of the patient and site of the tumor was similar to the distributions in major reports of large series. The tumor usually involved the metaphysis and the epiphysis, but was occasionally limited to the metaphysis, and in only 2 per cent of the patients was it adjacent to an open growth plate. The tumor on occasion invaded the articular space, also involving the ligaments and the synovial membrane. Extension to an adjacent bone through the joint occurred in 5 per cent of the tumors. Our radiographic grading, which is roughly comparable with the staging system of Enneking et al., was Grade I in 4 per cent, II in 74 per cent, and III in 22 per cent of 266 patients before treatment. A pathological fracture was apparent on the first radiograph in 9 per cent of the patients. In the 280 patients with adequate follow-up, 331 surgical procedures were performed. The rate of local recurrence was 27 per cent in the 151 intralesional procedures, 8 per cent in the 122 marginal excisions, and zero in the fifty-eight wide or radical procedures. These results did not correlate with the radiographic grade of the lesion. Of the fifty-one local recurrences that were seen after treatment at our institution, 90 per cent appeared in the first three years after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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            Bone Tumors. Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis

            AG Huvos, A. HUVOS, AG Huvos … (1991)
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              Benign giant-cell tumor of bone with pulmonary metastases: clinical findings and radiologic appearance of metastases in 13 cases.

              David K Brown, M G Rock, W S Tubbs … (1992)
              Tumors that metastasize are considered "malignant" by definition. However, benign giant-cell tumor of bone is an exception because of the potential for histologically benign pulmonary metastases, a fact seldom emphasized in the radiologic literature. We therefore report our experience with 13 cases of pulmonary metastasis among 475 patients (prevalence, 3%) in whom benign giant-cell tumor of bone was diagnosed before 1990 at our institution. Five (38%) of the 13 primary bone tumors were located in the distal radius. Local recurrence at the site of the primary bone tumor tumor occurred in seven patients (54%) before pulmonary metastases developed. The mean interval from the diagnosis of the primary bone tumor to the onset of pulmonary metastasis was 3.8 years, with a maximum of 10.7 years. Fifty-four percent of the patients (7/13) had pulmonary metastases 3 years after diagnosis of the primary bone lesion, and 92% (12/13) had pulmonary metastases 7.5 years after diagnosis. Overall mortality rate directly due to giant-cell tumor and its metastases was 23%. On chest radiographs and CT scans, pulmonary metastases appeared as rounded, nodular opacities of homogeneous density, ranging from 0.5 cm to 8.0 cm in diameter. Peripheral regions of the lungs were involved in 85% of the cases and basilar regions in 62%. Our study shows that benign giant-cell tumor of bone can produce pulmonary metastases, that metastases most often occurred with recurrent local disease and distal radial lesions, that the prognosis was relatively favorable, and that such metastases had no distinguishing radiologic features.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Oral Maxillofac Pathol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Oral Maxillofac Pathol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JOMFP
                Title: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology : JOMFP
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0973-029X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1998-393X
                Publication date (Print): Jan-Apr 2015
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 1
                Page: 108
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
                [1 ] Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
                [2 ] Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Gheena Sukumaran, Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, 162, P H Road, P.O.600077 elappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: gheena_ranjith@ 123456yahoo.co.in
                Article
                Publisher ID: JOMFP-19-108b
                DOI: 10.4103/0973-029X.157217
                PMC ID: 4451653
                SO-VID: 64786e99-c958-45df-8476-a4987de86c04
                Copyright © Copyright: © Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 22 July 2013
                Date accepted : 20 March 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pathology
                Keywords: giant cell tumor,mandible,mononuclear cells
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pathology
                Keywords: giant cell tumor, mandible, mononuclear cells

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