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      Palatal Swelling: A Diagnostic Enigma

      case-report

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a giant-cell-rich bony lesion associated with abundant multinucleated osteoclast-type giant cells. It is a primary neoplasm of bone with characteristic clinical, radiological, and pathological features. It is an expansive and lytic lesion without periosteal reaction and prominent peripheral sclerosis. Giant cells are also seen in other diseases like giant cell granuloma of the jaws, traumatic bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, and jaw tumor of hyperparathyroidism. We present a unique case of GCT of palate in a 30-year-old female.

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          Most cited references19

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          A system for the surgical staging of musculoskeletal sarcoma.

          W F Enneking, S S Spanier, M Goodman (1980)
          A surgical staging system for musculoskeletal sarcomas stratifies bone and soft-tissue lesions of any histogenesis by the grade of biologic aggressiveness, by the anatomic setting, and by the presence of metastasis. The three stages: I--low grade; II--high grade; and III--presence of metastases, are subdivided by (a) whether the lesion is anatomically confined within well-delineated surgical compartments, or (b) beyond such compartments in ill-defined fascial planes and spaces. Operative margins are defined as intralesional, marginal, wide, and radical, and relate the surgical margin to the lesions, its reactive zone, and anatomic compartment. The system defines prognostically significant progressive stages of risk which also have surgical implications. When the system is linked to clearly defined surgical procedures, it permits appropriate evaluation and comparison of the new treatment protocols designed to replace standard surgical treatment.
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            Giant cell tumour of bone: new treatments in development

            A. López Pousa, J. Broto, T. Garrido … (2015)
            Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a benign osteolytic tumour with three main cellular components: multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, mononuclear spindle-like stromal cells (the main neoplastic components) and mononuclear cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The giant cells overexpress a key mediator in osteoclastogenesis: the RANK receptor, which is stimulated in turn by the cytokine RANKL, which is secreted by the stromal cells. The RANK/RANKL interaction is predominantly responsible for the extensive bone resorption by the tumour. Historically, standard treatment was substantial surgical resection, with or without adjuvant therapy, with recurrence rates of 20–56 %. Studies with denosumab, a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to RANKL, resulted in dramatic treatment responses, which led to its approval by the United States Food and Drugs Administration (US FDA). Recent advances in the understanding of GCTB pathogenesis are essential to develop new treatments for this locally destructive primary bone tumour.
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              Treatment of giant cell tumor of bone: Current concepts

              Ajay Puri, Manish Agarwal (2007)
              Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone though one of the commonest bone tumors encountered by an orthopedic surgeon continues to intrigue treating surgeons. Usually benign, they are locally aggressive and may occasionally undergo malignant transformation. The surgeon needs to strike a balance during treatment between reducing the incidence of local recurrence while preserving maximal function. Differing opinions pertaining to the use of adjuvants for extension of curettage, the relative role of bone graft or cement to pack the defect and the management of recurrent lesions are some of the issues that offer topics for eternal debate. Current literature suggests that intralesional curettage strikes the best balance between controlling disease and preserving optimum function in the majority of the cases though there may be occasions where the extent of the disease mandates resection to ensure adequate disease clearance. An accompanying treatment algorithm helps outline the management strategy in GCT.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Case Rep Dent
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Case Rep Dent
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CRID
                Title: Case Reports in Dentistry
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 2090-6447
                ISSN (Electronic): 2090-6455
                Publication date (Print): 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 November 2016
                Volume: 2016
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1945907
                Affiliations
                1Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Tamil Nadu, India
                2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Tamil Nadu, India
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Luis M. J. Gutierrez

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0221-8727
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2016/1945907
                PMC ID: 5128700
                SO-VID: 4b47a332-14b5-46fe-9ee0-a2b3d492820b
                Copyright © Copyright © 2016 Ramalingam Suganya et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 24 September 2016
                Date accepted : 25 October 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry

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