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      Fracture Nonunion Treated with Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound and Monitored with Ultrasonography: A Feasibility Study

      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 1 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 1
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      Journal: BioMed Research International
      Publisher: Hindawi Limited

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          Abstract

          The positive effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on bone fracture healing has been proved. However, during the period of LIPUS therapy, it is undetermined whether LIPUS promotes the formation of heterotopic ossification (HO), which usually occurs in muscle tissues after trauma such as bone fracture and spinal cord injury. Here, we used 6-week LIPUS therapy in a 42-year-old Chinese male patient with a fracture nonunion in combination with ultrasonography for monitoring fracture healing and HO formation. After the LIPUS therapy, the mineralized bone formation in the area of defect of the distal tibia was presented in an ultrasound image, which was consistent with the outcome of plain radiography showing callus formation and the blurred fracture line in the area exposed to LIPUS. In addition, ultrasound images revealed no evidence of HO development within soft tissues during the period of LIPUS therapy. This study suggests that ultrasonography is a potential tool to guarantee the performance of LIPUS therapy with monitoring HO formation. Easy to use, the integration of the handheld ultrasound scanner and the ultrasonic therapeutic apparatus is entirely dedicated to help orthopedists make high-quality care and diagnosis.

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          Assessment of compromised fracture healing.

          Ben Palanca, Michael J Bellino, Gail Bishop … (2012)
          No standard criteria exist for diagnosing fracture nonunion, and studies suggest that assessment of fracture healing varies among orthopaedic surgeons. This variability can be problematic in both clinical and orthopaedic trauma research settings. An understanding of risk factors for nonunion and of diagnostic tests used to assess fracture healing can facilitate a systematic approach to evaluation and management. Risk factors for nonunion include medical comorbidities, age, and the characteristics of the injury. The method of fracture management also influences healing. Comprehensive evaluation includes an assessment of the patient's symptoms, signs, and immune and endocrine status as well as the biologic capacity of the fracture, presence of infection, and quality of reduction and fixation. Diagnostic tests include plain radiography, CT, ultrasonography, fluoroscopy, bone scan, MRI, and several laboratory tests, including assays for bone turnover markers in the peripheral circulation. A systematic approach to evaluating fracture union can help surgeons determine the timing and nature of interventions.
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            Accelerated healing of distal radial fractures with the use of specific, low-intensity ultrasound. A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

            Yvette Roe, J P Ryaby, K. Kristiansen … (1997)
            A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to test the efficacy of a specifically programmed, low-intensity, non-thermal, pulsed ultrasound medical device for shortening the time to radiographic healing of dorsally angulated fractures (negative volar angulation) of the distal aspect of the radius that had been treated with manipulation and a cast. Sixty patients (sixty-one fractures) were enrolled in the study within seven days after the fracture. The patients used either an active ultrasound device (thirty fractures) or a placebo device (thirty-one fractures) daily for twenty minutes at home for ten weeks. The two types of devices were identical except that the placebo devices emitted no ultrasound energy. Clinical examination was performed and radiographs were made at one, two, three, four, five, six, eight, ten, twelve, and sixteen weeks after the fracture by each site investigator. The time to union was significantly shorter for the fractures that were treated with ultrasound than it was for those that were treated with the placebo (mean [and standard error], 61 +/- 3 days compared with 98 +/- 5 days; p < 0.0001). Each radiographic stage of healing also was significantly accelerated in the group that was treated with ultrasound as compared with that treated with the placebo. Compared with treatment with the placebo, treatment with ultrasound was associated with a significantly smaller loss of reduction (20 +/- 6 per cent compared with 43 +/- 8 per cent; p < 0.01), as determined by the degree of volar angulation, as well as with a significant decrease in the mean time until the loss of reduction ceased (12 +/- 4 days compared with 25 +/- 4 days; p < 0.04). We concluded that this specific ultrasound signal accelerates the healing of fractures of the distal radial metaphysis and decreases the loss of reduction during fracture-healing.
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              The traumatic bone: trauma-induced heterotopic ossification

              Benjamin M. Wheatley, Devaveena Dey, Thomas A. Davis … (2017)
              Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common occurrence after multiple forms of extensive trauma. These include arthroplasties, traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, extensive burns in the civilian setting, and combat-related extremity injuries in the battlefield. Irrespective of the form of trauma, heterotopic bone is typically endochondral in structure and is laid down via a cartilaginous matrix. Once formed, the heterotopic bone typically needs to be excised surgically, which may result in wound healing complications, in addition to a risk of recurrence. Refinements of existing diagnostic modalities, like micro- and nano-CT are being adapted toward early intervention. Trauma-induced HO is a consequence of aberrant wound healing, systemic and local immune system activation, infections, extensive vascularization, and innervation. This intricate molecular crosstalk culminates in activation of stem cells that initiate heterotopic endochondral ossification. Development of animal models recapitulating the unique traumatic injuries has greatly facilitated the mechanistic understanding of trauma-induced HO. These same models also serve as powerful tools to test the efficacy of small molecules which specifically target the molecular pathways underlying ectopic ossification. This review summarizes the recent advances in the molecular understanding, diagnostic and treatment modalities in the field of trauma-induced HO.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Title: BioMed Research International
                Abbreviated Title: BioMed Research International
                Publisher: Hindawi Limited
                ISSN (Electronic): 2314-6141
                ISSN (Print): 2314-6133
                Publication date Created: January 25 2021
                Publication date (Print): January 25 2021
                Volume: 2021
                Pages: 1-5
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
                [2 ]Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Center, Guangzhou 510440, China
                [3 ]Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2021/8834795
                SO-VID: c62ecbe0-bd31-402f-9383-a339e3224251
                Copyright © © 2021
                License:

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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