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      Comunidades de peces de las llanuras de inundación en ríos de Bolivia: El conocimiento actual y direccionamiento de retos en investigación futura Translated title: Floodplain fish communities in river systems in Bolivia: Current knowledge and addressing future research challenges

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          Abstract

          Tropical freshwater fish communities are increasingly under threat from anthropogenic pressures, particularly alteration to the hydrological regime (e.g. via deforestation and mining within the watershed and in-stream impoundments) which defines the extent and characteristics of in-channel and floodplain habitats for fishes. The ecological consequences of altered hydrology for tropical floodplain ecosystems are likely to be major declines in fish abundance and diversity, lower food web connectivity, reduced microhabitat availability for reproduction and refuge, modified migration patterns and consequently reduced ecosystem services, e.g. fishery resource. Evidence of change is lacking and the current species inventory approaches of collecting fish-related data do not consider spatial (i.e. river-floodplain distances) and temporal (i.e. flood water levels) gradients that are known to largely influence fish communities present in floodplain waterbodies. In the context of increasing threats, fish diversity and community declines are real and require suitable methodological approaches to combine available information and an informed analysis of likely change before actions are irreversible. Bolivian rivers are relatively undisturbed compared to other tropical rivers, however, plans for hydropower and increased deforestation and mining in the region could have devastating effects on the hydrological patterns and the dependent biodiversity. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of floodplain freshwater fishes using Bolivian rivers as the example, identify the gaps that exist in the science and to propose a landscape ecology approach to integrate pattern and process understanding of the river-floodplain mosaic to fill knowledge gaps in an appropriate way towards the conservation of fish resources.

          Translated abstract

          Las comunidades de peces tropicales de agua dulce están amenazadas debido a las presiones antropogénicas, especialmente la alteración del régimen hidrológico que determina el alcance y las características de los canales y los hábitats inundables para peces. Las consecuencias ecológicas de estas modificaciones pueden conllevar cambios importantes en la abundancia y diversidad de peces, limitaciones en la conectividad de las redes tróficas, disminución en la disponibilidad de microhábitats para reproducción y refugio, y modificaciones en los patrones de migración con consecuencias negativas para los servicios ambientales y los recursos pesqueros. La evidencia documentada de estos cambios es escasa y los enfoques actuales sobre inventariado de especies para recolectar datos relacionados con la pesca no consideran los gradientes espaciales y temporales que influyen en las comunidades piscícolas presentes en las llanuras de inundación. En este contexto es necesario proponer enfoques metodológicos adecuados que combinen la información disponible con un análisis de los cambios potenciales antes de que las acciones antrópicas sean irreversibles. En comparación con otros ríos tropicales, los ríos bolivianos están todavía relativamente bien conservados. Sin embargo, los planes de energía hidroeléctrica, la deforestación y la contaminación minera podrían tener efectos devastadores en los patrones hidrológicos y su biodiversidad. Esta revisión resume el conocimiento actual sobre los peces en llanuras de inundación de Bolivia, identifica carencias científicas y propone enfoques de ecología del paisaje para integrar patrones y procesos de los ríos tropicales inundables para contribuir al conocimiento actual y a la conservación de los recursos acuáticos de la región.

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          Most cited references128

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          Ecological studies in tropical fish communities

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            Riverine landscapes: taking landscape ecology into the water

            John Wiens (2002)
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              Fish and aquatic habitat conservation in South America: a continental overview with emphasis on neotropical systems.

              Fish conservation in South America is a pressing issue. The biodiversity of fishes, just as with all other groups of plants and animals, is far from fully known. Continuing habitat loss may result in biodiversity losses before full species diversity is known. In this review, the main river basins of South America (Magdalena, Orinoco, Amazon and Paraná-La Plata system), together with key aquatic habitats (mangrove-fringed estuaries of the tropical humid, tropical semi-arid and subtropical regions) are analysed in terms of their characteristics and main concerns. Habitat loss was the main concern identified for all South American ecosystems. It may be caused by damming of rivers, deforestation, water pollution, mining, poor agricultural practice or inadequate management practice. Habitat loss has a direct consequence, which is a decrease in the availability of living resources, a serious social and economic issue, especially for South American nations which are all developing countries. The introduction of exotic species and overfishing were also identified as widespread across the continent and its main freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems. Finally, suggestions are made to find ways to overcome these problems. The main suggestion is a change of paradigm and a new design for conservation actions, starting with integrated research and aiming at the co-ordinated and harmonized management of the main transboundary waters of the continent. The actions would be focused on habitat conservation and social rescue of the less well-off populations of indigenous and non-indigenous peoples. Energy and freshwater demands will also have to be rescaled in order to control habitat loss.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                reb
                Ecología en Bolivia
                Ecología en Bolivia
                Plural Editores (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                1605-2528
                2075-5023
                April 2016
                : 51
                : 1
                : 26-41
                Affiliations
                [01] Cranfield Bedfordshire orgnameCranfield University orgdiv1School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood England a.b.gill@ 123456cranfield.ac.uk
                [02] Santa Cruz orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Bolivia
                Article
                S1605-25282016000100004
                fecd0d21-d0fb-4de9-8975-3119e1816edd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 February 2016
                : 12 March 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 81, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia


                Alteraciones hidrológicas,Amenazas antrópicas,Conectividad en ecosistemas fluviales,Tiempos de inundación,Anthropogenic threats,Connectivity in river systems,Flood timing,Hydrological changes

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