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      The US–China rivalry and the emergence of state platform capitalism

      1 , 2
      Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space
      SAGE Publications

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          Abstract

          The rise of digital platforms as a new form of business organisation concentrates power in the United States and China. Platform capitalism further intersects with and reinforces pre-existing trends towards state capitalism, where states more actively direct economies in response to economic turbulence and heightened geopolitical tension. The concentration of global business power within two states, combined with the increasing capacity for these states to leverage and direct platform activities for their own geopolitical–economic ends, has catalyzed the rise of ‘state platform capitalism’ (SPC). This paper develops the notion of SPC as an emergent logic of competition for both states and firms – in particular, the ways in which Beijing and Washington instrumentalise and mobilise domestic platform firms in pursuit of geopolitical–economic objectives, while platforms become increasingly interdependent with their home state institutions. Competition in the global political economy is increasingly centred on the recruitment of users and nations to these rival state-platform nexuses (national ‘stacks’) as a means of establishing and exercising extraterritorial economic and political power. Empirically, we identify variations between American and Chinese modes of practicing state platform capitalism, and we examine three axes within which this competition unfolds internationally: currencies, standards and cybersecurity.

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            The Platform Society

            Individuals all over the world can use Airbnb to rent an apartment in a foreign city, check Coursera to find a course on statistics, join PatientsLikeMe to exchange information about one’s disease, hail a cab using Uber, or read the news through Facebook’s Instant Articles. In The Platform Society , Van Dijck, Poell, and De Waal offer a comprehensive analysis of a connective world where platforms have penetrated the heart of societies—disrupting markets and labor relations, transforming social and civic practices, and affecting democratic processes. The Platform Society analyzes intense struggles between competing ideological systems and contesting societal actors—market, government, and civil society—asking who is or should be responsible for anchoring public values and the common good in a platform society. Public values include, of course, privacy, accuracy, safety, and security; but they also pertain to broader societal effects, such as fairness, accessibility, democratic control, and accountability. Such values are the very stakes in the struggle over the platformization of societies around the globe. The Platform Society highlights how these struggles play out in four private and public sectors: news, urban transport, health, and education. Some of these conflicts highlight local dimensions, for instance, fights over regulation between individual platforms and city councils, while others address the geopolitical level where power clashes between global markets and (supra-)national governments take place.
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              Infrastructure studies meet platform studies in the age of Google and Facebook

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space
                Environ Plan A
                SAGE Publications
                0308-518X
                1472-3409
                August 2023
                January 11 2023
                August 2023
                : 55
                : 5
                : 1255-1280
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Digit Centre, University of Sussex School of Business Management and Economics, Falmer, Brighton, UK
                [2 ]Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Second Cold War Observatory, Manchester, UK
                Article
                10.1177/0308518X221146545
                fd42cb96-516a-4ec2-b803-6e8f94acf573
                © 2023

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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