For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
26
views
51
references
 Top references
cited by
5
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      215
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Evaluation of Some Biochemical Parameters and Brain Oxidative Stress in Experimental Rats Exposed Chronically to Silver Nitrate and the Protective Role of Vitamin E and Selenium

      research-article
      Author(s): ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Toxicological Research
      Publisher: Korean Society of Toxicology
      Keywords: Silver, Rats, Oxidative stress, Brain tissue, Vitamin E, Selenium

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Due to undesirable hazardous interactions with biological systems, this investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to silver on certain biochemical and some oxidative stress parameters with histopathological examination of brain, as well as the possible protective role of selenium and/or vitamin E as nutritional supplements. Thirty six male rats were divided into six groups of six each: the first group used as a control group. Group II given both vitamin E (400 mg/kg) of diet and selenium (Se) (1 mg/L) in their drinking water. Group III given silver as silver nitrate (AgNO 3) (20 mg/L). Group IV given vitamin E and AgNO 3. Group V given both AgNO 3 and selenium. Group VI given AgNO 3, vitamin E and Se. The animals were in the same exposure conditions for 3 months. According to the results which have been obtained; there was an increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase activities and cholesterol level, a decrease in serum total protein, calcium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in Ag-intoxicated rats. Moreover, the findings showed that Ag + ions affected antioxidant defense system by decreasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increasing vitamin E concentration with a high level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissue. The histological examination also exhibited some nervous tissue alterations including hemorrhage and cytoplasm vacuolization. However, the co-administration of selenium and/or vitamin E ameliorated the biochemical parameters and restored the histological alterations. In conclusion, this study indicated that silver could cause harmful effects in animal body and these effects can be more toxic in high concentrations or prolonged time exposure to this metal. However, selenium and vitamin E act as powerful antioxidants which may exercise adverse effect against the toxicity of this metal.

          Related collections

          Most cited references51

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Twenty-eight-day oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and gender-related tissue distribution of silver nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley rats.

          Yong Soon Kim, Jin Kim, Hyun Sun Cho … (2008)
          The antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles has resulted in their extensive application in health, electronic, and home products. However, while the population exposed to silver nanoparticles continues to increase with ever new applications, silver nanoparticles remain a controversial research area as regards their toxicity to biological systems. In particular, the oral toxicity of silver nanoparticles is of particular concern to ensure public and consumer health. Accordingly, this study tested the oral toxicity of silver nanoparticles (60 nm) over a period of 28 days in Sprague-Dawley rats following Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guideline 407 with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) application. Eight-week-old rats, weighing about 283 g for the males and 192 g for the females, were divided into four 4 groups (10 rats in each group): vehicle control, low-dose group (30 mg/kg), middle-dose group (300 mg/kg), and high-dose group (1000 mg/kg). After 28 days of exposure, the blood biochemistry and hematology were investigated, along with a histopathological examination and silver distribution study. The male and female rats did not show any significant changes in body weight relative to the doses of silver nanoparticles during the 28-day experiment. However, some significant dose-dependent changes were found in the alkaline phsophatase and cholesterol values in either the male or female rats, seeming to indicate that exposure to over more than 300 mg of silver nanoparticles may result in slight liver damage. There were no statistically significant differences in the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN PCEs) or ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes among the total erythrocytes after silver nanoparticle exposure when compared with the control. Therefore, the present results suggest that silver nanoparticles do not induce genetic toxicity in male and female rat bone marrow in vivo. Nonetheless, the tissue distribution of silver nanopaticles did show a dose-dependent accumulation of silver content in all the tissues examined. In particular, a gender-related difference in the accumulation of silver was noted in the kidneys, with a twofold increase in the female kidneys when compared with the male kidneys.
          Article 0 comments Cited 204 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Distribution, elimination, and toxicity of silver nanoparticles and silver ions in rats after 28-day oral exposure.

            Meike van der Zande, Rob J Vandebriel, Elke Van Doren … (2012)
            We report the results of a 28-day oral exposure study in rats, exposed to <20 nm noncoated, or <15 nm PVP-coated silver nanoparticles ([Ag] = 90 mg/kg body weight (bw)), or AgNO(3) ([Ag] = 9 mg/kg bw), or carrier solution only. Dissection was performed at day 29, and after a wash-out period of 1 or 8 weeks. Silver was present in all examined organs with the highest levels in the liver and spleen for all silver treatments. Silver concentrations in the organs were highly correlated to the amount of Ag(+) in the silver nanoparticle suspension, indicating that mainly Ag(+), and to a much lesser extent silver nanoparticles, passed the intestines in the silver nanoparticle exposed rats. In all groups silver was cleared from most organs after 8 weeks postdosing, but remarkably not from the brain and testis. Using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, silver nanoparticles were detected in silver nanoparticle exposed rats, but, remarkably also in AgNO(3) exposed rats, hereby demonstrating the formation of nanoparticles from Ag(+)in vivo that are probably composed of silver salts. Biochemical markers and antibody levels in blood, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine release, and NK-cell activity did not reveal hepatotoxicity or immunotoxicity of the silver exposure. In conclusion, oral exposure to silver nanoparticles appears to be very similar to exposure to silver salts. However, the consequences of in vivo formation of silver nanoparticles, and of the long retention of silver in brain and testis should be considered in a risk assessment of silver nanoparticles.
            Article 0 comments Cited 175 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Silver-ion-mediated reactive oxygen species generation affecting bactericidal activity.

              Hee-Jin Park, Jee Yeon Kim, Jaeeun Kim … (2009)
              Silver ions have been widely used as disinfectants that inhibit bacterial growth by inhibiting the essential enzymatic functions of the microorganism via interaction with the thiol-group of l-cysteine. However, silver-ion-mediated perturbation of the bacterial respiratory chain has raised the possibility of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. We used bacterial reporter strains specifically responding to superoxide radicals and found that silver-ion-mediated ROS-generation affected bactericidal activity. Almost half the log reduction in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus populations (model strains for gram negative and positive bacteria, respectively) caused by silver-ion disinfection was attributed to ROS-mediated bactericidal activity. The major form of ROS generated was the superoxide-radical; H(2)O(2) was not induced. Furthermore, silver ions strongly enhanced paraquat-induced oxidative stress, indicating close correlation and synergism between the conventional and ROS-mediated silver toxicity. Our results suggest that further studies in silver-based disinfection systems should consider the oxygen concentration and ROS reaction.
              Article 0 comments Cited 150 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Toxicol Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Toxicol Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Toxicological Research
                Title: Toxicological Research
                Publisher: Korean Society of Toxicology
                ISSN (Print): 1976-8257
                ISSN (Electronic): 2234-2753
                Publication date (Print): October 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 October 2016
                Volume: 32
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 301-309
                Affiliations
                Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Science faculty, Badji Mokhtar University, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Zine Kechrid, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Science faculty, Badji Mokhtar University, BP 12 Sidi Amar, 23000 Annaba, Algeria, E-mail: kechridzine@ 123456yahoo.fr
                Article
                Publisher ID: tr-32-301
                DOI: 10.5487/TR.2016.32.4.301
                PMC ID: 5080859
                PubMed ID: 27818732
                SO-VID: fbbbb9e1-58f9-4137-8688-f7553f83c1af
                Copyright © Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society Of Toxicology
                License:

                This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 28 March 2016
                Date revision received : 14 August 2016
                Date accepted : 18 August 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: silver,rats,oxidative stress,brain tissue,vitamin e,selenium
                Data availability:
                Keywords: silver, rats, oxidative stress, brain tissue, vitamin e, selenium

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content215

                See all similar

                Cited by5

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors1,011

                See all reference authors