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      Efectos de la restricción del pienso y suplementación con alfalfa sobre el rendimiento productivo, características de carcasa, índices cardiacos y parámetros hematológicos del pavo criado en condiciones hipobáricas Translated title: Effects of feed restriction and alfalfa supplementation on productive performance, carcass characteristics, cardiac indices and haematological parameters of turkey reared under hypobaric conditions

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Se estudió la efectividad del tiempo de acceso al pienso y la suplementación con alfalfa en pavos comerciales en finalización y en condiciones hipobáricas naturales. Se utilizó un arreglo factorial de 2 × 2 para evaluar los efectos principales de tiempo de acceso al pienso (12 y 24 h/d) y suplementación con alfalfa (0 y 1% del peso corporal). Adicionalmente se consideró el factor sexo para analizar los datos de características de carcasa, índices cardiacos y parámetros hematológicos. Un total de 256 pavos Hybrid Converter de 70 días de edad se asignaron a cuatro tratamientos, cada uno con cuatro repeticiones (repetición de 8 machos y 8 hembras en lote mixto). Todas las aves recibieron las mismas dietas durante los primeros 70 días de edad. Los tratamientos fueron 12h/ d-0%, 12h/d-1%, 24h/d-0% y 24h/d-1%. A los 91 días de edad las aves fueron sacrifica- das. No se observaron interacciones ni diferencias en los efectos principales para la ingesta de alimento, pero hubo diferencia significativa en la ganancia de peso, con mayor incremento en pavos con acceso al pienso 12h/d. La conversión alimenticia fue mejor en pavos con acceso al pienso durante 12 h/d y que no consumieron alfalfa. La restricción de horas de acceso al pienso y la suplementación con alfalfa no afectaron el rendimiento de carcasa ni la acumulación de grasa abdominal. Se determinó que la suplementación con alfalfa evita agrandamientos degenerativos de corazón, ventrículo derecho e hígado, y contrarresta el estado de estrés del pavo ocasionado por la restricción del pienso.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The effectiveness of feed access time and alfalfa supplementation in finishing commercial turkeys and under natural hypobaric conditions was studied. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to assess the main effects of time of access to feed (12 and 24 h/d) and supplementation with alfalfa (0 and 1% of body weight). Additionally, the sex factor was considered to analyse the data of carcass characteristics, cardiac indices and haematological parameters. Atotal of 256 70-day-old Hybrid Converter turkeys were assigned to four treatments, each with four replications (8 males and 8 females in mixed-flock). All birds received the same diets for the first 70 days of age. The treatments were 12h/d-0%, 12h/d-1%, 24h/d-0% and 24h/d-1%. At 91 days of age the birds were slaughtered. No interactions or differences were observed in the main effects for feed intake, but there was a greater increase in body weigh in turkeys with access to feed 12h/d. Feed conversion was better in turkeys with access to feed for 12 h/d and that did not consume alfalfa. The restriction of hours of access to the feed and the supplementation with alfalfa did not affect the carcass performance or the accumulation of abdominal fat. Alfalfa supplementation was found to prevent degenerative enlargements of the heart, right ventricle, and liver, and counteract turkey stress caused by feed restriction.

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          Molecular mechanisms of inherited cardiomyopathies.

          Cardiomyopathies are diseases of heart muscle that may result from a diverse array of conditions that damage the heart and other organs and impair myocardial function, including infection, ischemia, and toxins. However, they may also occur as primary diseases restricted to striated muscle. Over the past decade, the importance of inherited gene defects in the pathogenesis of primary cardiomyopathies has been recognized, with mutations in some 18 genes having been identified as causing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and/or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Defining the role of these genes in cardiac function and the mechanisms by which mutations in these genes lead to hypertrophy, dilation, and contractile failure are major goals of ongoing research. Pathophysiological mechanisms that have been implicated in HCM and DCM include the following: defective force generation, due to mutations in sarcomeric protein genes; defective force transmission, due to mutations in cytoskeletal protein genes; myocardial energy deficits, due to mutations in ATP regulatory protein genes; and abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis, due to altered availability of Ca2+ and altered myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity. Improved understanding that will result from these studies should ultimately lead to new approaches for the diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and treatment of patients with heart failure.
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            Preslaughter mortality in broiler chickens, turkeys, and spent hens under commercial slaughtering.

            The incidence of dead on arrival (DOA) birds was surveyed over 33 broiler, 11 turkey, and 19 spent hen abattoirs representing the majority (around 70%) of the Italian poultry slaughter plants. Data were recorded monthly during a 4-yr period (August 2001 to July 2005), considering a total of 1266 million chicken broilers, 118 million turkeys, and 54 million spent hens, which represent 67.7, 84.0, and 28.4% of the national production, respectively. The overall average incidence of DOA was found to be 0.35, 0.38, and 1.22% in broilers, turkeys, and spent hens, respectively. The season significantly (P < or = 0.01) influenced the mortality of all considered poultry categories, with higher incidence being observed during the summer (0.47, 0.52, and 1.62% for broilers, turkeys, and spent layers, respectively). The incidence of DOA broilers was found to be lower in small slaughter plants compared with medium and large slaughter plants (0.28 vs. 0.38 and 0.35%, P < or = 0.01). The data obtained in this study might be used for establishing limit values of DOA as a welfare indicator during the preslaughter time of birds, including catching, loading, transportation, and lairage.
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              Blood system response of chickens to changes in environmental temperature.

              Hemodynamic changes were studied in broiler chickens during exposure to constant temperatures (10 to 35 C) or diurnal temperature cycles (10:30 C and 15:35 C), and during acute heat or cold. Packed cell volume (PCV) was significantly high at low constant temperatures (10 and 15 C), whereas at high temperatures (30 and 35 C) plasma volume (PV) was significantly high. A linear relationship between hematocrit and heart weight was observed and indicates an adaptation of heart mass to changes in cardiac output and hematocrit to meet the demands of increased basal metabolic rate. Only during the diurnal temperature cycle of 15:35 C did a significant increase in PV occur when ambient temperature (Ta) was raised form 15 to 35 C. Acute exposure of chickens to high temperature did not affect PV or PCV, but resulted in hyperthermia (44.7 +/- 0.4 C). Changes in PCV are probably related to modulation of the supply of oxygen to accommodate changes in heat production. The significant hypervolemia observed at high temperatures could occur to provide the fluid needed for heat dissipation by panting. The lack of response of the blood system to acute temperature changes may be at least partially responsible for the chickens' failure to control body temperature.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rivep
                Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú
                Rev. investig. vet. Perú
                Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria (Lima, , Peru )
                1609-9117
                November 2021
                : 32
                : 6
                : e21691
                Affiliations
                [2] Lima orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Cajamarca orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias orgdiv2Laboratorio de Inmunología Peru
                [1] Lima orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Cajamarca orgdiv1Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Pecuarias Peru
                Article
                S1609-91172021000600014 S1609-9117(21)03200600014
                10.15381/rivep.v32i6.21691
                fb715c1a-7389-4892-a582-9c320361dd03

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Peru

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                feed restriction,alfalfa,productive performance,hematological parameters,pavo,restricción de pienso,rendimiento productivo,parámetros hematológicos

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