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      • Record: found
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      The Effect of Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate on Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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          Abstract

          Objective

          To investigate the effect of calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) in treating dentin hypersensitivity (DH) and to compare this effect to that of a negative (placebo) control.

          Materials and Methods

          Several databases, including Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, were searched to identify relevant articles published through January 2015; grey literature (i.e., academic literature that is not formally published) was also searched. Two authors performed data extraction independently and jointly using data collection forms. The primary outcome was the DH pain response to routine activities or to thermal, tactile, evaporative, or electrical stimuli, and the secondary outcome was the side effects of CSPS use. Each study was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk bias. Meta-analysis of studies with the same participant demographics, interventions, controls, assessment methods and follow-up periods was performed. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation System was used to assess the quality of the evidence and the risk of bias across studies.

          Results

          Meta-analysis demonstrated that toothpaste containing 5% CSPS was more effective than the negative control at relieving dentin sensitivity, with the level of evidence classified as “moderate”. In addition, prophylaxis paste containing 15% calcium sodium phosphosilicate was favored over the negative control at reducing post-periodontal therapy hypersensitivity, with the level of evidence categorized as “low”. Only two studies reported side effects of CSPS use.

          Conclusions

          The majority of studies found that calcium sodium phosphosilicate was more effective than the negative control at alleviating DH. Because strong evidence is scarce, high-quality, well-designed clinical trials are required in the future before definitive recommendations can be made.

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          Most cited references45

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          Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: systematic review.

          Joel Lexchin, Lisa Bero, Benjamin Djulbegovic … (2003)
          To investigate whether funding of drug studies by the pharmaceutical industry is associated with outcomes that are favourable to the funder and whether the methods of trials funded by pharmaceutical companies differ from the methods in trials with other sources of support. Medline (January 1966 to December 2002) and Embase (January 1980 to December 2002) searches were supplemented with material identified in the references and in the authors' personal files. Data were independently abstracted by three of the authors and disagreements were resolved by consensus. 30 studies were included. Research funded by drug companies was less likely to be published than research funded by other sources. Studies sponsored by pharmaceutical companies were more likely to have outcomes favouring the sponsor than were studies with other sponsors (odds ratio 4.05; 95% confidence interval 2.98 to 5.51; 18 comparisons). None of the 13 studies that analysed methods reported that studies funded by industry was of poorer quality. Systematic bias favours products which are made by the company funding the research. Explanations include the selection of an inappropriate comparator to the product being investigated and publication bias.
          Article 0 comments Cited 470 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials on dentine hypersensitivity.

            R Orchardson, L Gangarosa, Sari M. Närhi … (1997)
            Clinical trials on dentine hypersensitivity have been numerous and protocols varied. To date there is little consensus as to the conduct of studies on this poorly-understood yet common and painful dental condition. A committee of interested persons from academia and industry was convened to discuss the subject of clinical trials on dentine hypersensitivity and a consensus report is presented. A double-blind randomized parallel groups design is recommended, although cross-over designs may be used for the preliminary screening of agents. Subjects may have multiple sites scored. Sample size will be determined by estimating the variability in the study population, the effect to be detected and the power of the statistical test to be used. Subject selection is based on a clinical diagnosis of dentine hypersensitivity, excluding those with conflicting characteristics such as currently-active medical or dental therapy. The vestibular surfaces of incisors, cuspids and bicuspids are preferred as sites to be tested. A range of sensitivity levels should be included. Tactile, cold and evaporative air stimuli should be applied. Negative and benchmark controls should be incorporated. Most trials should last 8 weeks. Sensitivity may be assessed either in terms of the stimulus intensity required to evoke pain or the subjective evaluation of pain produced by a stimulus using a visual analog or other appropriate scale. The subject's overall assessment may be determined by questionnaire. Outcomes should be expressed in terms of clinically significant changes in symptoms. Follow-up evaluation is required to determine the persistence of changes. At least 2 independent trials should be conducted before a product receives approval.
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              Pharmaceutical company funding and its consequences: a qualitative systematic review.

              Sergio Sismondo (2008)
              This article systematically reviews published studies of the association of pharmaceutical industry funding and clinical trial results, as well a few closely related studies. It reviews two earlier results, and surveys the recent literature. Results are clear: Pharmaceutical company sponsorship is strongly associated with results that favor the sponsors' interests.
              Article 0 comments Cited 86 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Peter M. Milgrom: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 November 2015
                Publication date Collection: 2015
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0140176
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Oral Sciences, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
                [2 ]Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
                [3 ]Department of Periodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
                [4 ]Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
                [5 ]Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
                University of Washington, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Conceived and designed the experiments: JL MZ HL. Performed the experiments: JL MZ HL. Analyzed the data: JL MZ JT LY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LY BC. Wrote the paper: MZ JL BC LM JT HL.

                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-15-15619
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140176
                PMC ID: 4636152
                PubMed ID: 26544035
                SO-VID: fb458a38-724b-4568-8f44-e609042d4d05
                Copyright statement: Copyright @ 2015
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

                History
                Date received : 15 April 2015
                Date accepted : 21 September 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 11, Tables: 0, Pages: 15
                Funding
                This systematic review was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81470712, 81070807) ( http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or manuscript preparation.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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