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      Taponamiento intrauterino con balones hidrostáticos: revisión narrativa Translated title: Intrauterine tamponade with hydrostatic balloons: A narrative review

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          Abstract

          Resumen OBJETIVO: Evaluar la efectividad del taponamiento intrauterino con balones hidrostáticos, de acuerdo con los desenlaces clínicos, variedades, ventajas y desventajas, así como sus indicaciones y particularidades que favorecen su aplicación. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión narrativa de artículos indizados en PubMed, Medline, SciELO y Google Academic, en idioma inglés y español publicados entre 2008 y abril de 2020, con las palabras clave (MeSH): hemorragia posparto, asociada con taponamiento uterino con balón hidrostático, balón de Bakri y atonía uterina. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 10,934 artículos con la palabra clave “hemorragia posparto”, que al asociarse con “taponamiento intrauterino” disminuyó a 471; con inclusión final de 85 al reunir los requerimientos de los autores, y exclusión de 386 referencias. CONCLUSIONES: El taponamiento intrauterino con balones hidrostáticos, por su alta eficacia clínica, costo-beneficio favorable, facilidad de aplicación, mínimas complicaciones y escasas contraindicaciones, debe formar parte del protocolo de atención obstétrica, conservando su indicación primaria en atonía uterina resistente al tratamiento médico y a las medidas iniciales, ampliando las posibilidades en pacientes con sangrado del lecho placentario, placenta previa y casos específicos de acretismo placentario. Constituye, además, una opción terapéutica para implementarse, en tiempo más temprano, después del evento obstétrico, y en casos seleccionados de alto riesgo de hemorragia posparto con fines profilácticos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract OBJECTIVE: Evaluate de effectiveness of uterine balloons tamponade methods, based on the outcomes of literature reports regarding clinical results, variety, advantages and disadvantages, as to the indications and particularities that is offered by its use. METHODOLOGY: Narrative study of articles indexed in PubMed, Medline, SciELO, and Google Scholar, in English and Spanish language, published between 2008 and April 2020 that contain in their title the keyword postpartum hemorrhage (MeSH) associated with uterine tamponade with hydrostatic balloon, Bakri balloon and uterine atony. RESULTS: 10,984 articles where identified with the key word “obstetric hemorrhage”, when associated with “intrauterine tamponade” they were reduced to 471 references with the final inclusion of 85 after fulfilling the requirements of the authors and 386 articles were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: The use of intrauterine tamponade devices with hydrostatic balloons, due to their high clinical efficiency, accessible cost, easy application, minimal complications, and scarce contraindications, should be a part the management protocols and always be available in all the different scenarios of obstetrical resolution, preserving its primary indication in persistent uterine atony, but expanding the possibilities of its use on placental bed bleeding, placenta previa, and in cases of specific placental acretism with segmental infiltration. It should be considered as a therapeutically approach, earlier post obstetrical event, as in the case of the first uterotonic agent failure, and in selected cases of high-risk for obstetric hemorrhage as a prophylactic procedure.

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          Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

          Summary Background Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. Methods The causes of death database is composed of vital registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey, police, and surveillance data. GBD 2017 added ten VA studies, 127 country-years of VR data, 502 cancer-registry country-years, and an additional surveillance country-year. Expansions of the GBD cause of death hierarchy resulted in 18 additional causes estimated for GBD 2017. Newly available data led to subnational estimates for five additional countries—Ethiopia, Iran, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia. Deaths assigned International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for non-specific, implausible, or intermediate causes of death were reassigned to underlying causes by redistribution algorithms that were incorporated into uncertainty estimation. We used statistical modelling tools developed for GBD, including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), to generate cause fractions and cause-specific death rates for each location, year, age, and sex. Instead of using UN estimates as in previous versions, GBD 2017 independently estimated population size and fertility rate for all locations. Years of life lost (YLLs) were then calculated as the sum of each death multiplied by the standard life expectancy at each age. All rates reported here are age-standardised. Findings At the broadest grouping of causes of death (Level 1), non-communicable diseases (NCDs) comprised the greatest fraction of deaths, contributing to 73·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 72·5–74·1) of total deaths in 2017, while communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) causes accounted for 18·6% (17·9–19·6), and injuries 8·0% (7·7–8·2). Total numbers of deaths from NCD causes increased from 2007 to 2017 by 22·7% (21·5–23·9), representing an additional 7·61 million (7·20–8·01) deaths estimated in 2017 versus 2007. The death rate from NCDs decreased globally by 7·9% (7·0–8·8). The number of deaths for CMNN causes decreased by 22·2% (20·0–24·0) and the death rate by 31·8% (30·1–33·3). Total deaths from injuries increased by 2·3% (0·5–4·0) between 2007 and 2017, and the death rate from injuries decreased by 13·7% (12·2–15·1) to 57·9 deaths (55·9–59·2) per 100 000 in 2017. Deaths from substance use disorders also increased, rising from 284 000 deaths (268 000–289 000) globally in 2007 to 352 000 (334 000–363 000) in 2017. Between 2007 and 2017, total deaths from conflict and terrorism increased by 118·0% (88·8–148·6). A greater reduction in total deaths and death rates was observed for some CMNN causes among children younger than 5 years than for older adults, such as a 36·4% (32·2–40·6) reduction in deaths from lower respiratory infections for children younger than 5 years compared with a 33·6% (31·2–36·1) increase in adults older than 70 years. Globally, the number of deaths was greater for men than for women at most ages in 2017, except at ages older than 85 years. Trends in global YLLs reflect an epidemiological transition, with decreases in total YLLs from enteric infections, respiratory infections and tuberculosis, and maternal and neonatal disorders between 1990 and 2017; these were generally greater in magnitude at the lowest levels of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). At the same time, there were large increases in YLLs from neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases. YLL rates decreased across the five leading Level 2 causes in all SDI quintiles. The leading causes of YLLs in 1990—neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, and diarrhoeal diseases—were ranked second, fourth, and fifth, in 2017. Meanwhile, estimated YLLs increased for ischaemic heart disease (ranked first in 2017) and stroke (ranked third), even though YLL rates decreased. Population growth contributed to increased total deaths across the 20 leading Level 2 causes of mortality between 2007 and 2017. Decreases in the cause-specific mortality rate reduced the effect of population growth for all but three causes: substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and skin and subcutaneous diseases. Interpretation Improvements in global health have been unevenly distributed among populations. Deaths due to injuries, substance use disorders, armed conflict and terrorism, neoplasms, and cardiovascular disease are expanding threats to global health. For causes of death such as lower respiratory and enteric infections, more rapid progress occurred for children than for the oldest adults, and there is continuing disparity in mortality rates by sex across age groups. Reductions in the death rate of some common diseases are themselves slowing or have ceased, primarily for NCDs, and the death rate for selected causes has increased in the past decade. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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            Trends in postpartum hemorrhage in high resource countries: a review and recommendations from the International Postpartum Hemorrhage Collaborative Group

            Background Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Several recent publications have noted an increasing trend in incidence over time. The international PPH collaboration was convened to explore the observed trends and to set out actions to address the factors identified. Methods We reviewed available data sources on the incidence of PPH over time in Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, the United Kingdom and the USA. Where information was available, the incidence of PPH was stratified by cause. Results We observed an increasing trend in PPH, using heterogeneous definitions, in Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA. The observed increase in PPH in Australia, Canada and the USA was limited solely to immediate/atonic PPH. We noted increasing rates of severe adverse outcomes due to hemorrhage in Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA. Conclusion Key Recommendations 1. Future revisions of the International Classification of Diseases should include separate codes for atonic PPH and PPH immediately following childbirth that is due to other causes. Also, additional codes are required for placenta accreta/percreta/increta. 2. Definitions of PPH should be unified; further research is required to investigate how definitions are applied in practice to the coding of data. 3. Additional improvement in the collection of data concerning PPH is required, specifically including a measure of severity. 4. Further research is required to determine whether an increased rate of reported PPH is also observed in other countries, and to further investigate potential risk factors including increased duration of labor, obesity and changes in second and third stage management practice. 5. Training should be provided to all staff involved in maternity care concerning assessment of blood loss and the monitoring of women after childbirth. This is key to reducing the severity of PPH and preventing any adverse outcomes. 6. Clinicians should be more vigilant given the possibility that the frequency and severity of PPH has in fact increased. This applies particularly to small hospitals with relatively few deliveries where management protocols may not be defined adequately and drugs or equipment may not be on hand to deal with unexpected severe PPH.
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              Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 2006-2010.

              To update national population-level pregnancy-related mortality estimates and examine characteristics and causes of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States during 2006-2010.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gom
                Ginecología y obstetricia de México
                Ginecol. obstet. Méx.
                Edición y Farmacia S.A. de C.V. (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0300-9041
                2020
                : 88
                : 12
                : 870-889
                Affiliations
                [3] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí Mexico
                [1] orgnameFederación Mexicana de Colegios en Obstetricia y Ginecología
                [4] orgnameCentro Médico de Sonora
                [2] orgnameFederación Mexicana de Colegios en Obstetricia y Ginecología
                Article
                S0300-90412020001200007 S0300-9041(20)08801200007
                10.24245/gom.v88i12.4311
                faa82633-c1bf-4ab0-989d-8aa83026719f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : June 2020
                : May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 85, Pages: 20
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos de revisión

                Postpartum hemorrhage,Uterine balloon tamponade,Bakri balloon,Uterine atony,Hemorragia posparto,taponamiento uterino con balón hidrostático,balón de Bakri,atonía uterina

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