The effect of family-based intervention on empowerment of the elders

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Abstract

Background and Objective:

Adult age is a sensitive period of human life and paying attention to the issues and needs of this stage is a social necessity. Regarding the specific needs of this period, considering the empowerment, dignity, and self-efficacy in the elders is very important too, which is frequently neglected. This study aims to determine the effect of family-based interventions on the elders’ empowerment with emphasis on self-efficacy, self-esteem, perceive threat, and quality of life of the elders in Isfahan.

Materials and Methods:

In this semi-experimental study, 64 elderly people with the ability to perform routine and daily tasks without dependence on others and without systemic and restrictive diseases were chosen by available sampling method and were divided into two intervention and control groups. In intervention group, the model of family-based empowerment was trained and conducted in ten 45-minute sessions. The level of perceived threat, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and life quality in both groups were evaluated before and after intervention through a questionnaire. Chi Square, paired and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Statistical test of paired t-test indicated that family-based empowerment model significantly increased the quality of life in intervention group compared with the control group ( P < 0.01). Statistical test of independent t-test showed a significant difference in intervention and control groups after conducting the program in the score of the self-esteem ( P < 0.001). Regarding self-efficiency, independent t-test did not show any significant difference between the two groups before intervention. Despite the increase of self-efficacy score after intervention, this difference was not significant ( P = 0.076).

Conclusion:

Regarding the findings of this research, we can conclude that it is possible to increase the level of self-efficacy, self-esteem, perceived threat, and finally quality of life of the elders and facilitate the way for healthy aging and being healthy in this period using family-based empowerment model regularly and consistently.

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Most cited references 33

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Social support as a mediator in the relation between functional status and quality of life in older adults.

Jason T Newsom, Richard Schulz (1996)

The relations among physical functioning, social support, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction were examined in a national sample of 4,734 adults age 65 and older. Regression analyses were used to examine the relative importance of objective and subjective support measures in understanding the relation between physical impairment and quality of life. Impairment was associated with fewer friendship contacts, fewer family contacts, less perceived belonging support, and less perceived tangible aid, but only measures of perceived support predicted depressive symptomatology. A structural equation modeling approach was then used to explore the mediational role of perceived social support in the relation between impairment and quality of life variables. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that lower reported social support is an important reason for decreases in life satisfaction and increases in depressive symptoms found among older adult populations. Implications for understanding the role of social support in attenuating the effects of physical disability in older adults are discussed.

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Old people receiving municipal care, their experiences of what constitutes a good life in the last phase of life: a qualitative study.

Magdalena Andersson, Ingalill Hallberg, Anna-Karin Edberg (2008)

Old people's life situation when receiving municipal help and care in their last period of life is sparsely investigated from their own perspective. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of aspects that bring about a good life in the last phase of life among people (75+ years) receiving municipal care. Older people living in a municipality in Southern Sweden being 75 years or older, receiving help and/or care from the municipality, and having a life-threatening disease and/or receiving palliative care were asked to participate. In all 17 people, 10 women and 7 men, aged 78-100 years were included. Qualitative interviews, with the emphasis on their present life situation especially what brought about a good life, were performed. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The experience was interpreted to be Turning inwards to come to peace with the past, the present and approaching death while being trapped by health complaints. Six categories embraced the experience of aspects that constitute a good life in the last phase of life: Maintaining dignity, Enjoying small things, Feelings of "being at home", Being in the hands of others, trying to adjust, Still being important for other people and Completing life while facing death. This study confirm theories suggesting that the last phase of life in old age meant focusing inwards, reflecting on the entire life as a way of completing it as well as enjoying small things and also viewing oneself in the perspective of contributing to the future. It also indicated that this phase of life meant being trapped by health complaints and functional limitations. The struggle to maintaining dignity as opposed to being in the hands of others implies that the concept of palliative care may be useful as a framework for providing nursing care to very old people, especially at the end of life.

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What influences self-perception of health in the elderly? The role of objective health condition, subjective well-being and sense of coherence.

Gudrun Schneider, Georg Driesch, Andreas Kruse … (2016)

The study examines in what way objective health-related variables interfere with psychic health and personality factors in explaining self-perception of health in the elderly. Two hundred and sixty-one patients aged 60 and older of an internal medicine hospital previously examined between 1994 and 1997 were once more contacted five years later. One hundred and sixty-four patients could not be included in the present investigation because of death, dementia, or severe physical illness. Of the 97 patients eligible for this second investigation, 74 agreed to participate. They were investigated extensively by means of psychometric scales and diagnostic interviews. A positive selection effect could be found for the sample of the present investigation with regard to age and health-related variables. Subjective evaluation of health correlated highly with the self-evaluation scales that recorded subjective well-being (life satisfaction, anxiety, and depression), and with the sense of coherence, but not substantially with objective health-related variables. A backward regression resulted in an adjusted R2 = 0.33 for the three retained variables "subjective physical complaints", "sense of coherence" and "self-evaluated depression" which rendered the same variance clarification of subjective health as did the model including all variables. Since the elderly represent the majority of patients treated in general hospitals and as subjective health and subjective physical complaints influence frequency of medical consultations and health care utilization, this is an important issue for consultation-liaison-psychiatry and health policy.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Educ Health Promot

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Educ Health Promot

Journal ID (publisher-id): JEHP

Title: Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )

ISSN (Print): 2277-9531

ISSN (Electronic): 2319-6440

Publication date Collection: 2013

Publication date (Electronic): 30 May 2013

Volume: 2

Electronic Location Identifier: 24

Affiliations

[1] Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

[1 ] Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran

[2 ] Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Prof. Firoozeh Mostafavi, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: mostafavi@ 123456hlth.mui.ac.ir

Article

Publisher ID: JEHP-2-24

DOI: 10.4103/2277-9531.112700

PMC ID: 3778562

PubMed ID: 24083274

SO-VID: f9370c1f-83d0-4673-8d16-108e349a02b6

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

The effect of family-based intervention on empowerment of the elders

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Abstract

Background and Objective:

Materials and Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention

Most cited references 33

Social support as a mediator in the relation between functional status and quality of life in older adults.

Old people receiving municipal care, their experiences of what constitutes a good life in the last phase of life: a qualitative study.

What influences self-perception of health in the elderly? The role of objective health condition, subjective well-being and sense of coherence.

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