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Abstract
<p class="first" id="d3726677e67">The effluent discharged by the textile dyehouses
has a seriously detrimental effect
on the aquatic environment. Some dyestuffs produce toxic decomposition products and
the metal complex dyes release toxic heavy metals to watercourses. Of the dyes used
in the textile industry, effluents containing reactive dyes are the most difficult
to treat because of their high water-solubility and poor absorption into the fibers.
A range of treatments has been investigated for the decolorization of textile effluent
and the adsorption seems to be one of the cheapest, effective and convenient treatments.
In this review, the adsorbents investigated in the last decade for the treatment of
textile effluent containing reactive dyes including modified clays, biomasses, chitin
and its derivatives, and magnetic ion-exchanging particles have been critically reviewed
and their reactive dye binding capacities have been compiled and compared. Moreover,
the dye binding mechanism, dye sorption isotherm models and also the merits/demerits
of various adsorbents are discussed. This review also includes the current challenges
and the future directions for the development of adsorbents that meet these challenges.
The adsorption capacities of adsorbents depend on various factors, such as the chemical
structures of dyes, the ionic property, surface area, porosity of the adsorbents,
and the operating conditions. It is evident from the literature survey that decolorization
by the adsorption shows a great promise for the removal of color from dyehouse effluent.
If biomasses want to compete with the established ion-exchange resins and activated
carbon, their dye binding capacity will need to be substantially improved.
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