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      Requirements of digestible methionine + cystine for broiler chickens at 1 to 42 days of age Translated title: Exigências de metionina + cistina digestível para frangos de corte de 1 a 42 dias de idade

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          Abstract

          The objective of this work was to estimate requirements of digestible methionine + cystine for broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of age. It was carried out four experiments for each one of the following phases: pre-initial, initial, growing and final. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with six treatments and six replicates. Treatments consisted of a basal feed for each phase, deficient in digestible methionine + cystine and supplemented with DL-methionine to supply six levels of digestible methionine + cystine, resulting in different digestible methionine + cystine:digestible lysine ratios. In the pre-initial phase, levels of digestible methionine + cystine did not influence feed intake and feed conversion. However, weight gain responded in a quadratic way. In the initial phase, levels of digestible methionine + cystine had decreasing linear effect on feed intake whereas weight gain and feed conversion were influenced in a quadratic manner. In the growth and final phases, feed intake was not influenced by levels of digestible methionine + cystine, but weight gain and feed conversion presented quadratic response. The levels of 0.873; 0.755; 0.748 and 0.661% of digestible methionine + cystine in the diet or the daily intake of 183; 575; 1,104 and 1,212 mg of digestible methionine + cystine are recommended for the pre-initial, initial, growth and final phases, respectively, which corresponds to the ratios of 71; 70; 76 and 72% of digestible methionine + cystine to digestible lysine.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivou-se estimar as exigências de metionina + cistina digestível para frangos de corte machos de 1 a 42 dias de idade. Foram realizados quatro experimentos para cada uma das fases: pré-inicial, inicial, crescimento e final. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração basal para cada fase, deficiente em metionina + cistina e suplementada com DL-metionina para fornecer seis níveis de metionina + cistina digestível, resultando em diferentes relações metionina + cistina digestível:lisina digestível. Na fase pré-inicial, os níveis de metionina + cistina digestível não influenciaram o consumo de ração e a conversão alimentar. No entanto, o ganho de peso respondeu de forma quadrática. Na fase inicial, os níveis de metionina + cistina digestível tiveram efeito linear decrescente sobre o consumo de ração, enquanto o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar foram influenciados de forma quadrática. Nas fases de crescimento e final, o consumo de ração não foi influenciado pelos níveis de metionina + cistina digestível, porém o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar apresentaram resposta quadrática. Recomendam-se os níveis de 0,873; 0,755; 0,748 e 0.661% de metionina + cistina na dieta ou o consumo diário de 183, 575, 1.104 e 1.212 mg de metionina + cistina digestível nas fases pré-inicial, inicial, crescimento e final, respectivamente, que correspondem às relações de 71, 70, 76 e 72% de metionina + cistina digestível:lisina digestível.

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          Evaluation of the parameters needed to describe the overall growth, the chemical growth, and the growth of feathers and breast muscles of broilers.

          An experiment was carried out to collect data suitable for testing methods used to describe the potential growth and body composition curves of broilers. Males and females of two commercial broiler strain-crosses were grown to 16 wk of age with birds taken at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 wk of age for chemical analysis and for the measurement of feather weight and breast meat (Pectoralis major and Pectoralis minor) weight at these ages. The data were used to test the Gompertz growth equation and the assumption of chemical allometry, as well as to estimate the values of the growth parameters for the different genotypes. Feeding and environmental conditions were intended to be such that potential growth and body composition could be attained. The weights of the chemical components for each of the four genotypes were described in terms of the mature weight of these components, their rates of maturing, and the time taken to reach the maximum rate of growth of each component. Allometric relationships between the weights of the chemical components and that of body protein were estimated. The ratio of ash to protein was essentially constant. Water matured more slowly, and lipid faster, than protein. For males, and for females up to 8 wk, the models were satisfactory. For females after this age, lipid growth was faster than expected from the earlier period, probably in preparation for egg production. There were small, but important, differences in the values of some parameters between the strain-crosses. For each of the four genotypes the changes in weight of feathers and breast meat with time were described in terms of the Gompertz growth function, which described the data very well. The parameters of the function for each component and genotype-mature weight, rate of maturing, and the time taken to reach the maximum rate of growth B were evaluated. For the feathers, the value of the rate parameter was higher than that estimated for the body as a whole. For the two breast muscles, and for their total weight, the value of the rate parameter was similar to that for the body as a whole. There was a simple allometric relationship between the weights of the breast muscles and that of the whole body. As a consequence, the development of the yield of breast meat for a given genotype could be described by the values of the two parameters: mature yield and the allometric exponent. A description of each genotype of interest is seen as an essential first step in using a simulation model either to predict requirements, or to predict the effects of different feeding programs, and environmental conditions, on the performance of broilers.
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            Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos: composição de alimentos e exigencias nutricionais

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              Response of Broiler Strains Differing in Body Fat to inadequate Methionine: Live Performance and Processing Yields

              E T Moran (1994)
              Ross x Arbor Acres (RxAA) and Steggles x Arbor (SxAA) chicks were given all nutrients as advocated by NRC (1984) except for methionine. Corn and soybean meal were the sole CP sources, and both strains were compared when feeds were adequate and deficient in methionine (0 to 3 wk, .65 vs .42% with 24.2% CP and 3.20 kcal AME/g; 3 to 6 wk, .54 vs .46% with 20.7% CP and 3.21 kcal AME; and 6 to 8 wk, .35 vs .30% with 17.8% CP and 3.19 kcal AME, respectively). Cystine exceeded NRC (1984) recommendation with all feeds. Live weights of RxAA broilers were heavier throughout the experiment, but SxAA had the advantage in feed conversion. Adverse effects of low methionine on weight gain were apparent only during the first 6 wk, and SxAA responded to the deficiency more than RxAA from 0 to 3 wk. The SxAA birds had less abdominal fat when processed at both 6 and 8 wk than RxAA. Low methionine increased fat proportions at 6 wk but not at 8 wk. Percentage chilled carcass yield without abdominal fat was similar for each strain and decreased as a result of low methionine at both ages. Low methionine also reduced proportions of skinless boneless breast meat but only at 6 wk and particularly in SxAA birds. The increased ability of RxAA birds to deposit fat enabled additional feed intake, in turn, minimizing repercussion of inadequate methionine.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbz
                Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                R. Bras. Zootec.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa, MG, Brazil )
                1516-3598
                1806-9290
                April 2011
                : 40
                : 4
                : 797-803
                Affiliations
                [03] Bananeira PB orgnameUFPB orgdiv1CCHSA orgdiv2Departamento de Agropecuária
                [02] Areia PB orgnameUFPB orgdiv1Departamento de Zootecnia
                [05] Areia PB orgnameUFPB orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia
                [04] Natal RN orgnameUFRN orgdiv1Departamento de Zootecnia
                [01] Sobral CE orgnameUFPB orgdiv1Programa de Doutorado Integrado em Zootecnia
                Article
                S1516-35982011000400013 S1516-3598(11)04000413
                f629a089-2662-413c-bbb9-b3cf5eae9ffb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 November 2010
                : 26 February 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Monogastrics

                aminoácidos digestíveis,aminoácidos sulfurados,proteína ideal,digestible amino acids,ideal protein,sulfur amino acid

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