Roles of E-cadherin and Noncoding RNAs in the Epithelial–mesenchymal Transition and Progression in Gastric Cancer

Abstract

The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to be at the root of invasive and metastatic cancer cell spreading. E-cadherin is an important player in this process, which forms the structures that establish and maintain cell–cell interactions. A partial or complete loss of E-cadherin expression in the EMT is presumably mediated by mechanisms that block the expression of E-cadherin regulators and involve the E-cadherin-associated transcription factors. The protein is involved in several oncogenic signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Rho GTPase, and EGF/EGFR, whereby it plays a role in many tumors, including gastric cancer. Such noncoding transcripts as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs—critical components of epigenetic control of gene expression in carcinogenesis—contribute to regulation of the E-cadherin function by acting directly or through numerous factors controlling transcription of its gene, and thus affecting not only cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, but also the EMT. This review focuses on the role of E-cadherin and the non-coding RNAs-mediated mechanisms of its expressional control in the EMT during stomach carcinogenesis.