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      Study on species diversity of Akanthomyces (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) in the Jinyun Mountains, Chongqing, China

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          Abstract

          Akanthomyces species have only been reported from Guizhou and Qinghai Province, with few reports from other regions in China. In this research, the species diversity of Akanthomyces in the Jinyun Mountains, Chongqing was investigated. Fourteen infected spider specimens were collected and two new species ( A. bashanensis and A. beibeiensis ) and a known species ( A. tiankengensis ) were established and described according to a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis and the morphological characteristics. Our results reveal abundant Akanthomyces specimens and three species were found at Jinyun Mountain. Due to its being an important kind of entomopathogenic fungi, further attention needs to be paid to the diversity of other entomopathogenic fungi in Chongqing, China.

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          MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference and Model Choice Across a Large Model Space

          Since its introduction in 2001, MrBayes has grown in popularity as a software package for Bayesian phylogenetic inference using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. With this note, we announce the release of version 3.2, a major upgrade to the latest official release presented in 2003. The new version provides convergence diagnostics and allows multiple analyses to be run in parallel with convergence progress monitored on the fly. The introduction of new proposals and automatic optimization of tuning parameters has improved convergence for many problems. The new version also sports significantly faster likelihood calculations through streaming single-instruction-multiple-data extensions (SSE) and support of the BEAGLE library, allowing likelihood calculations to be delegated to graphics processing units (GPUs) on compatible hardware. Speedup factors range from around 2 with SSE code to more than 50 with BEAGLE for codon problems. Checkpointing across all models allows long runs to be completed even when an analysis is prematurely terminated. New models include relaxed clocks, dating, model averaging across time-reversible substitution models, and support for hard, negative, and partial (backbone) tree constraints. Inference of species trees from gene trees is supported by full incorporation of the Bayesian estimation of species trees (BEST) algorithms. Marginal model likelihoods for Bayes factor tests can be estimated accurately across the entire model space using the stepping stone method. The new version provides more output options than previously, including samples of ancestral states, site rates, site d N /d S rations, branch rates, and node dates. A wide range of statistics on tree parameters can also be output for visualization in FigTree and compatible software.
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            ModelFinder: Fast Model Selection for Accurate Phylogenetic Estimates

            Model-based molecular phylogenetics plays an important role in comparisons of genomic data, and model selection is a key step in all such analyses. We present ModelFinder, a fast model-selection method that greatly improves the accuracy of phylogenetic estimates. The improvement is achieved by incorporating a model of rate-heterogeneity across sites not previously considered in this context, and by allowing concurrent searches of model-space and tree-space.
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              MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0.

              We announce the release of an advanced version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, which currently contains facilities for building sequence alignments, inferring phylogenetic histories, and conducting molecular evolutionary analysis. In version 6.0, MEGA now enables the inference of timetrees, as it implements the RelTime method for estimating divergence times for all branching points in a phylogeny. A new Timetree Wizard in MEGA6 facilitates this timetree inference by providing a graphical user interface (GUI) to specify the phylogeny and calibration constraints step-by-step. This version also contains enhanced algorithms to search for the optimal trees under evolutionary criteria and implements a more advanced memory management that can double the size of sequence data sets to which MEGA can be applied. Both GUI and command-line versions of MEGA6 can be downloaded from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Writing - original draftRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Resources
                Role: Writing - review and editingRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Resources
                Role: Writing - review and editingRole: Resources
                Role: Writing - review and editingRole: Funding acquisition
                Role: Writing - review and editingRole: Funding acquisition
                Journal
                MycoKeys
                MycoKeys
                11
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:C004A564-9D6A-5F9F-B058-6A3815DFE9C3
                urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A4FD9303-3F01-45D9-B438-FCCFE465D2F7
                MycoKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1314-4057
                1314-4049
                2023
                28 July 2023
                : 98
                : 299-315
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Center for Mycomedicine Research, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang China
                [2 ] Institute of Fungus Resources, Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China Guizhou University Guiyang China
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Yan-Feng Han ( swallow1128@ 123456126.com)

                Academic editor: R. Phookamsak

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7240-6841
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3939-3900
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8646-3975
                Article
                106415
                10.3897/mycokeys.98.106415
                10403762
                37547126
                f2049a54-ba40-426e-8606-417ad1b28bb2
                Wan-Hao Chen, Jian-Dong Liang, Xiu-Xiu Ren, Jie-Hong Zhao, Yan-Feng Han

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 15 May 2023
                : 16 July 2023
                Funding
                This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31860002, 81960692), “Hundred” Talent Projects of Guizhou Province (Qian Ke He [2020] 6005), Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province (Qiankehejichu [2020]1Y060), Program of Innovative Scientific and technological Talent Team of Guizhou Province (2020-5010), Construction Program of Guizhou Engineering Research Center (Qian Fa Gai Gao Ji 2020-896).
                Categories
                Research Article
                Cordycipitaceae
                Sordariomycetes
                Phylogeny
                Taxonomy
                Asia

                entomopathogenic fungi,morphology,phylogenetic analysis,sordariomycetes,spider-pathogenic fungi

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