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      Influência da idade do hospedeiro e da aprendizagem no comportamento quimiotáxico e no parasitismo de Trichogramma pretiosum Translated title: Influence of host age and learning on chemotactic behavior and parasitism of Trichogramma pretiosum

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 mantido em ovos de Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879, tem sido utilizado no controle biológico de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797). No entanto, fatores como idade do hospedeiro e experiência prévia, podem influenciar o parasitismo e o comportamento do parasitoide. Esse estudo avaliou a influência da idade dos ovos e da experiência em ovos e extrato de ovos de S. frugiperda no comportamento quimiotáxico e no parasitismo de T. pretiosum. Ovos de S. frugiperda com 24, 48 e 72 horas, foram expostos a fêmeas de T. pretiosum. Também foi avaliado o tempo de experiência do parasitoide, no mesmo hospedeiro, por 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 e 24 horas, assim como, seu tempo de exposição (1, 2, 3 e 24 horas). As respostas quimiotáxicas de T. pretiosum (experiente e não experiente) em extrato de ovos de S. frugiperda foram observadas em olfatômetro tipo Y. As taxas de parasitismo foram registradas em teste de escolha, com insetos experientes e inexperientes com ovos e extrato de ovos de S. frugiperda. O parasitismo em S. frugiperda foi significativamente maior em ovos com 24 horas de idade. Fêmeas inexperientes e experientes por 1, 3 e 4 horas, apresentaram uma menor taxa de parasitismo, quando comparadas a fêmeas expostas por 5, 6 e 24 horas. Não houve diferença de parasitismo em fêmeas expostas por 2, 3 e 24 horas, comparadas às expostas por uma hora. Fêmeas experientes foram mais atraídas ao extrato de ovos de S. frugiperda, do que ao controle (hexano). A porcentagem de parasitismo, em fêmeas inexperientes, foi maior em ovos de E. kuehniella (hospedeiro de origem), no entanto, o mesmo resultado não foi observado em fêmeas experientes.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 reared on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879 eggs, have been used in biological control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797). However, host age and experience just after emergence might have some influence on parasitism and parasitoid behavior. This study evaluated the influence of S. frugiperda host age and egg odor experience, on chemotactic behavior and parasitism of T. pretiosum. Spodoptera frugiperda eggs with 24, 48 and 72 hours were exposed to T. pretiosum females. Parasitoid time experience, in the same host, was evaluated within 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 24 hours, as well as, its host exposed time (1, 2, 3 and 24 hours). Chemotactic responses of T. pretiosum (experienced and inexperienced females) to S. frugiperda egg extracts were recorded in Y-tube olfactometer. We also observe parasitism rates (choice tests) in insects with and without experience. The parasitism average was higher in S. frugiperda eggs with 24 hours. Inexperienced females and those experienced for 1, 3 and 4 hours, parasitized less S. frugiperda eggs compared to those for 5, 6 and 24 hours. There was no difference in parasitism from females exposed for 2, 3 and 24 hours when compared to those exposed for one hour. Experienced females were more attracted to S. frugiperda eggs odor than to control (hexano). Parasitism percentage, by inexperienced parasitoids, was greater in E. kuehniella eggs (original host) than in S. frugiperda, however it was not observed in experienced females.

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          Most cited references47

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          Host Selection by Insect Parasitoids

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            BioEstat 5.3: aplicações estatísticas nas áreas das ciências biológicas e médicas.

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              Semiochemicals and learning in parasitoids.

              There is increasing evidence that parasitoid responses to semiochemicals, important stimuli in the host location process, are influenced by experience. This paper focuses on the role of learning, in particular associative learning, in responses to odors. Emphasis is placed on associative learning during the adult stage, the influence of preadult experience is discussed briefly. New data on learning in the speciesLeptopilina heterotoma are given. It is demonstrated that females can learn to respond to a novel odor, which they subsequently use in microhabitat selection. Learning was shown to be associative whereby host products (contact kairomone) or an oviposition experience could function as the reinforcers (reward). The effect of learning seemed stronger when parasitoids were rewarded with an oviposition experience. The paper concludes with a discussion on the application of parasitoid learning in pest management.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                isz
                Iheringia. Série Zoologia
                Iheringia, Sér. Zool.
                Museu de Ciências Naturais (Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil )
                0073-4721
                1678-4766
                2017
                : 107
                : e2017015
                Affiliations
                [2] Santa Maria RS orgnameFundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária orgdiv1Centro de Pesquisa em Florestas Brasil entomorais@ 123456gmail.com
                [1] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul orgdiv1Faculdade de Agronomia orgdiv2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia Brazil teccamilagmail.com, luredaelufrgs.br, josue.santanaufrgs.br, prici.padilha2@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0073-47212017000100215 S0073-4721(17)10700000215
                10.1590/1678-4766e2017015
                f0e52d1d-18cc-4f03-9580-7d4f500aefa8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 May 2016
                : 08 February 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigos

                extrato de ovos,Biological control,parasitoide de ovos,Controle biológico,eggs extract,egg parasitoid

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