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      Lived Experiences of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients About Death and Dying: A Descriptive Phenomenology

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          Abstract

          Thinking about death is one of the most common problems of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICUs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the experiences of critically ill patients with COVID-19 about death and dying. This is a descriptive phenomenology approach. Participants in this study had 12 participants who were purposefully selected. The data collection method was semi-structured through interviews. Data were analyzed based on Colaizzi’s approach. Data analysis generated two main themes, including personal, and non-personal; challenge thinking about death, and eight sub-themes. Thinking about the death of critically ill COVID-19 patients is a significant challenge that affects the patient’s health and prolongs the treatment process. Therefore, it should be careful in the patient’s treatment and care program.

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          Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 Outbreak in China Hardest-hit Areas: Gender differences matter

          Nianqi Liu, Fan Zhang, Cun Wei … (2020)
          Highlights • The prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in China hardest-hit areas a month after the COVID-19 outbreak was 7%. • Hierarchical regression analysis and non-parametric test suggested that women reported significant higher PTSS in the domains of re-experiencing, negative alterations in cognition or mood, and hyper-arousal. • Participants with better sleep quality or less frequency of early awakenings reported lower PTSS.
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            Psychosocial impact of COVID-19

            Souvik Dubey, Payel Biswas, Ritwik Ghosh … (2020)
            Background Along with its high infectivity and fatality rates, the 2019 Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) has caused universal psychosocial impact by causing mass hysteria, economic burden and financial losses. Mass fear of COVID-19, termed as “coronaphobia”, has generated a plethora of psychiatric manifestations across the different strata of the society. So, this review has been undertaken to define psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Methods Pubmed and GoogleScholar are searched with the following key terms- “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV2”, “Pandemic”, “Psychology”, “Psychosocial”, “Psychitry”, “marginalized”, “telemedicine”, “mental health”, “quarantine”, “infodemic”, “social media” and” “internet”. Few news paper reports related to COVID-19 and psychosocial impacts have also been added as per context. Results Disease itself multitude by forced quarantine to combat COVID-19 applied by nationwide lockdowns can produce acute panic, anxiety, obsessive behaviors, hoarding, paranoia, and depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the long run. These have been fueled by an “infodemic” spread via different platforms social media. Outbursts of racism, stigmatization, and xenophobia against particular communities are also being widely reported. Nevertheless, frontline healthcare workers are at higher-risk of contracting the disease as well as experiencing adverse psychological outcomes in form of burnout, anxiety, fear of transmitting infection, feeling of incompatibility, depression, increased substance-dependence, and PTSD. Community-based mitigation programs to combat COVID-19 will disrupt children's usual lifestyle and may cause florid mental distress. The psychosocial aspects of older people, their caregivers, psychiatric patients and marginalized communities are affected by this pandemic in different ways and need special attention. Conclusion For better dealing with these psychosocial issues of different strata of the society, psychosocial crisis prevention and intervention models should be urgently developed by the government, health care personnel and other stakeholders. Apt application of internet services, technology and social media to curb both pandemic and infodemic needs to be instigated. Psychosocial preparedness by setting up mental organizations specific for future pandemics is certainly necessary.
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              Rigor in qualitative research: the assessment of trustworthiness.

              L Krefting (1991)
              Despite a growing interest in qualitative research in occupational therapy, little attention has been placed on establishing its rigor. This article presents one model that can be used for the assessment of trustworthiness or merit of qualitative inquiry. Guba's (1981) model describes four general criteria for evaluation of research and then defines each from both a quantitative and a qualitative perspective. Several strategies for the achievement of rigor in qualitative research useful for both researchers and consumers of research are described.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Omega (Westport)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Omega (Westport)
                Journal ID (hwp): spome
                Journal ID (publisher-id): OME
                Title: Omega
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                ISSN (Print): 0030-2228
                ISSN (Electronic): 1541-3764
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 January 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 29 January 2022
                Electronic Location Identifier: 00302228211073269
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Medical Surgical, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ringgold 154207, universityZabol University of Medical Sciences; , Zabol, Iran
                [2 ]Department of Nursing Intensive Care, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ringgold 48455, universityIsfahan University of Medical Sciences; , Isfahan, Iran
                [3 ]Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ringgold 154207, universityZabol University of Medical Sciences; , Zabol, Iran
                [4 ]Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ringgold 154207, universityZabol University of Medical Sciences; , Zabol, Iran
                Author notes
                [*]Majidreza Akbarizadeh, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Jahad Square, Shahid Bagheri St., Deputy of Treatment, Zabol 9861663335, Iran. Email: majidreza.ak@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5122-195X
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_00302228211073269
                DOI: 10.1177/00302228211073269
                PMC ID: 8801334
                PubMed ID: 35098799
                SO-VID: ef0c46f0-5554-4aca-9531-dface9d05da2
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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                Subject: Original Manuscript
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                typesetter ts10

                Keywords: live experience,covid-19,death,anxiety,fear,phenomenology
                Data availability:
                Keywords: live experience, covid-19, death, anxiety, fear, phenomenology

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