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      EMDR therapy for misophonia: a pilot study of case series Translated title: Terapia EMDR para la misofonía: un estudio piloto de series de casos Translated title: 治疗恐音症:病例系列的试点研究

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          ABSTRACT

          Background

          Misophonia is a disorder in which patients suffer from anger or disgust when confronted with specific sounds such as loud chewing or breathing, causing avoidance of cue-related situations resulting in significant functional impairment. Though the first treatment studies with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed promising results, an average of 50% of the patients has not improved much clinically.

          Objective

          The aim of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy as a trauma-focused approach in treating misophonia symptoms.

          Method

          A sample of 10 adult participants with misophonia was studied at the outpatient clinic of the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam. Participants were either on the waiting list for CBT or non-responders to CBT. EMDR was focused on misophonia-related emotionally disturbing memories and delivered in a mean of 2.6 sessions of 60–90 minutes. Pre- and post-treatment self-assessed ratings of misophonia symptoms (AMISOS-R, primary outcome), of general psychopathology (SCL-90-R) and of quality of life (SDS) were administered. The co-primary outcome was the Clinical Global Impression Improvement scale (CGI-I).

          Results

          A paired t-test ( n = 8) showed improvement on the primary outcome (−6.14 [MD], 5.34 [SD]) on the AMISOS-R ( P = .023). Three of the eight patients showed clinically significant improvement measured with the CGI-I. No significant effect on secondary outcomes was found.

          Conclusions

          These preliminary results suggest that EMDR therapy focused on emotionally disturbing misophonia-related memories can reduce misophonia symptoms. RCTs with sufficient sample sizes are required to firmly establish the value of EMDR therapy for misophonia.

          HIGHLIGHTS

          • This pilot study investigated the potential benefits of EMDR for 10 patients with misophonia.

          • Three of the seven completers showed clinical improvement in misophonia symptoms within a mean of 2.6 sessions.

          • The exploratory nature of this study makes further research necessary.

          Translated abstract

          Antecedentes: La misofonía es un trastorno en el que los pacientes sufren de rabia o desagrado cuando se enfrentan a sonidos específicos como la masticación o la respiración ruidosa, lo que provoca la evitación de las situaciones relacionadas con el estímulo y da lugar a un deterioro funcional significativo. Aunque los primeros estudios de tratamiento con terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) mostraron resultados prometedores, una media del 50% de los pacientes no ha mejorado mucho clínicamente.

          Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio piloto fue evaluar la eficacia de la terapia de desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimientos oculares (EMDR) como enfoque centrado en el trauma para tratar los síntomas de la misofonía.

          Método: Se estudió una muestra de 10 participantes adultos con misofonía en la clínica ambulatoria del Centro Médico Académico de Ámsterdam. Los participantes estaban en lista de espera para la TCC o no respondían a la TCC. La EMDR se centró en los recuerdos emocionalmente perturbadores relacionados con la misofonía y se aplicó en una media de 2,6 sesiones de 60–90 minutos. Se administraron calificaciones autoevaluadas antes y después del tratamiento de los síntomas de misofonía (AMISOS-R, resultado primario), de psicopatología general (SCL-90-R) y de calidad de vida (SDS). El resultado co-primario fue la escala de Mejora de la Impresión Clínica Global (CGI-I).

          Resultados: Una prueba t pareada ( n=8) mostró una mejora en el resultado primario (−6,14 [DM]), 5,34 [DE] en la AMISOS-R ( P= .023). Tres de los ocho pacientes mostraron una mejora clínicamente significativa medida con la CGI-I. No se encontró ningún efecto significativo en los resultados secundarios.

          EMDR para la misofonía Estos resultados preliminares sugieren que la terapia EMDR centrada en los recuerdos emocionalmente perturbadores relacionados con la misofonía puede reducir los síntomas de ésta. Se requieren ECAs con tamaños de muestra suficientes para establecer firmemente el valour de la terapia EMDR para la misofonía.

          Translated abstract

          背景:恐音症是一种疾病, 患者在面对如大声咀嚼或呼吸等特定声音时会感到愤怒或厌恶, 从而回避与相关情况提示物, 导致显著的功能障碍。尽管认知行为疗法 (CBT) 的首批治疗研究显示出有希望的结果, 平均 50% 的患者无明显临床改善。

          目的:本试点研究旨在评估眼动脱敏和再加个 (EMDR) 疗法作为一种治疗恐音症症状的聚焦创伤方法的有效性。

          方法:在阿姆斯特丹学术医疗中心门诊对一个10 名患有恐音症的成年参与者样本进行了研究。参与者要么在 CBT 等候名单上, 要么对 CBT 没有反应。 EMDR专注于与恐音症相关的情绪不安记忆, 以平均 2.6 次, 每次 60–90 分钟进行。治疗前, 后对恐音症症状 (AMIOSS-R, 主要结果), 一般精神病 (SCL-90-R) 和生活质量 (SDS) 进行自我评估。共同主要结果是临床总体印象改善量表 (CGI-I)。

          结果:配对 t检验 ( n=8) 显示主要结果的改善 (AMISOS-R: −6.14 [MD], 5.34 [SD] ( P= .023)) 。8 名患者中有 3 名表现出临床上CGI-I的显著改善。未发现次要结果的显著效应。

          结论:这些初步结果表明 EMDR 治疗专注于情绪不安的恐音症相关记忆可以减少恐音症症状。需要具有足够样本量的 RCT 来确定 EMDR 治疗恐音症的价值。

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          Most cited references39

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          Impact of Event Scale: a measure of subjective stress.

          Clinical, field, and experimental studies of response to potentially stressful life events give concordant findings: there is a general human tendency to undergo episodes of intrusive thinking and periods of avoidance. A scale of current subjective distress, related to a specific event, was based on a list of items composed of commonly reported experiences of intrusion and avoidance. Responses of 66 persons admitted to an outpatient clinic for the treatment of stress response syndromes indicated that the scale had a useful degree of significance and homogeneity. Empirical clusters supported the concept of subscores for intrusions and avoidance responses.
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            SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric rating scale--preliminary report.

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              Psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale—Revised

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                European Journal of Psychotraumatology
                Taylor & Francis
                2000-8198
                2000-8066
                24 September 2021
                2021
                24 September 2021
                : 12
                : 1
                : 1968613
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (Location AMC); , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
                [b ]Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (Location AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
                Author notes
                CONTACT Inge Jager i.j.jager@ 123456amsterdamumc.nl Amsterdam University Medical Center of Psychiatry; , Location AMC, Meibergdreef 5, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ the Netherlands

                Current address: Outpatient Clinic for Affective disorders, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

                Article
                1968613
                10.1080/20008198.2021.1968613
                8475117
                34589178
                eee8529e-b503-46b7-9a5c-fa4c926f3104
                © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 4, References: 43, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Research Article
                Clinical Research Article

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                misophonia,eye movement desensitization and reprocessing,trauma-focused psychotherapy,feasibility,preliminary effect,case series,misofonía,desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimientos oculares,psicoterapia centrada en el trauma,viabilidad,efecto preliminar,serie de casos,恐音症,眼动脱敏和再加工,聚焦创伤心理治疗,可行性,初步效果,病例系列,emdr

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