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      Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Poaceae Translated title: Flora of the canga of the Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil: Poaceae

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          Abstract

          Resumo Este trabalho apresenta um tratamento taxonômico para a família Poaceae nas cangas das Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil. O artigo foi preparado de acordo com o escopo do projeto Flora das Cangas da Serra dos Carajás, com base no estudo de espécimes dos herbários BHCB, MG e UB. Foram levantadas 87 espécies, pertencentes a 37 gêneros. Dessas, Axonopus carajasensis, Paspalum cangarum, P. carajasense e Sporobolus multiramosus são consideradas endêmicas das cangas de Carajás; duas espécies novas estão em fase de publicação (uma de Paspalum e uma de Hildaea); e uma espécie de Trichanthecium está em estudo para determinar sua identidade taxonômica. Seis espécies são registradas no estado do Pará pela priemira vez. São fornecidas descrições morfológicas, chaves de identificação, ilustrações das espiguetas, pranchas fotográficas, distribuição geográfica e comentários para as espécies tratadas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This work presents a taxonomic treatment for the Poaceae in the canga of the Serra dos Carajás, Pará state, Brazil. The article was prepared according to the guidelines of the project Flora of the canga of the Serra dos Carajás, based on the study of the specimens from the herbaria BHCB, MG and UB. A total of 87 species belonging to 37 genera were inventoried. Among these, Axonopus carajasensis, Paspalum cangarum, P. carajasense and Sporobolus multiramosus are considered endemic to the canga of the Serra dos Carajas; two new species are to be published soon (one of Paspalum and one of Hildaea); and one species of Trichanthecium is under study to determine its taxonomic identity. Six species are recorded for the first time in Pará state. Morphological descriptions, identification keys, illustration of the spikelets, photo plates, detailed geographic distribution and diagnostic comments are provided for all species treated.

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          Phylogenetic studies favour the unification of Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum (Poaceae): a combined nuclear, plastid and morphological analysis, and nomenclatural combinations in Cenchrus.

          Twenty-five genera having sterile inflorescence branches were recognized as the bristle clade within the x = 9 Paniceae (Panicoideae). Within the bristle clade, taxonomic circumscription of Cenchrus (20-25 species), Pennisetum (80-140) and the monotypic Odontelytrum is still unclear. Several criteria have been applied to characterize Cenchrus and Pennisetum, but none of these has proved satisfactory as the diagnostic characters, such as fusion of bristles in the inflorescences, show continuous variation. A phylogenetic analysis based on morphological, plastid (trnL-F, ndhF) and nuclear (knotted) data is presented for a representative species sampling of the genera. All analyses were conducted under parsimony, using heuristic searches with TBR branch swapping. Branch support was assessed with parsimony jackknifing. Based on plastid and morphological data, Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum were supported as a monophyletic group: the PCO clade. Only one section of Pennisetum (Brevivalvula) was supported as monophyletic. The position of P. lanatum differed among data partitions, although the combined plastid and morphology and nuclear analyses showed this species to be a member of the PCO clade. The basic chromosome number x = 9 was found to be plesiomorphic, and x = 5, 7, 8, 10 and 17 were derived states. The nuclear phylogenetic analysis revealed a reticulate pattern of relationships among Pennisetum and Cenchrus, suggesting that there are at least three different genomes. Because apomixis can be transferred among species through hybridization, its history most likely reflects crossing relationships, rather than multiple independent appearances. Due to the consistency between the present results and different phylogenetic hypotheses (including morphological, developmental and multilocus approaches), and the high support found for the PCO clade, also including the type species of the three genera, we propose unification of Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum. Species of Pennisetum and Odontelytrum are here transferred into Cenchrus, which has priority. Sixty-six new combinations are made here.
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            Flora of the cangas of the Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil: history, study area and methodology

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              Grasses of the genus Axonopus (a taxonomic treatment)

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rod
                Rodriguésia
                Rodriguésia
                Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0370-6583
                2175-7860
                September 2018
                : 69
                : 3
                : 1311-1368
                Affiliations
                [2] Feira de Santana Bahia orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Feira de Santana orgdiv1Departamento Ciências Biológicas orgdiv2Programa Pós-graduação em Botânica Brazil
                [5] Belém Pará orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural da Amazônia orgdiv1Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi orgdiv2Programa Pós-Gradução em Ciências Biológicas - Botânica Tropical Brazil
                [3] Belém PA orgnameInstituto Tecnológico Vale Brazil
                [4] Brasília Distrito Federal orgnameUniversidade de Brasília orgdiv1Instituto Ciências Biológicas orgdiv2Programa Pós-Graduação em Botânica Brazil
                [1] Belém PA orgnameMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Brazil
                Article
                S2175-78602018000301311
                10.1590/2175-7860201869330
                eedd3cb1-9534-4445-b88b-48e35bbcf435

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 October 2017
                : 16 February 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 58, Pages: 58
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                SciELO Brazil


                Gramineae,Amazonia,ironstone grasslands,rocky grasslands,endemism,Amazônia,campo ferruginoso,campo rupestre,endemismo

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