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      ¿Tiene importancia el bajo peso neonatal?

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Estudiar la prevalencia del recién nacido de bajo peso, las características asociadas maternas y perinatales y su asistencia en el Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Ambiente: Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara" Puerto Cabello. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, de 548 madres con 554 recién nacidos de bajo peso (< 2 500 g), incluyendo 6 gemelares, sucedidos durante los años 2006-2008. De un total de 7 568 nacidos vivos, la prevalencia promedio fue 7,32 %, o 1 cada 14 nacidos vivos. Resultados: Las pacientes en su mayoría residencian en barrios 46,17 %, con procedencia del Estado Carabobo 76,46 %, además 90,9 % solteras y concubinas, 35,77 % de 20-24 años y 45,5 % no controló el embarazo. En antecedentes familiares destacó la hipertensión arterial 54,09 % y diabetes 25,91 %, en antecedentes personales la hipertensión arterial (24,38%) y cesárea previa (23,67 %). En la patología actual la rotura prematura de membrana (20,99 %) y amenaza de parto prematuro (10,77 %). El 49,82 % fueron multigestas, con 72,08 % embarazos pretérmino y 27,92 % a término, resolviéndose con cesárea 38,5 %; predominaron neonatos masculinos 55,96 %, con peso entre 2 000 y 2 499 g (39,71 %) y talla de 45-49 cm (64,98 %); tuvieron índice Apgar 7 o menos el 54,96 %. La morbilidad fue 55,61 %; la mortalidad perinatal fue 32,49 %, la fetal 19,85 % y neonatal 12,63 %. La sepsis y la prematurez fueron las patologías predominantes en la morbimortalidad. Conclusión: Los neonatos de bajo peso presentan una prevalencia elevada con notorias repercusiones en la salud perinatal, efectos causados principalmente por sepsis y prematurez. Esta patología compleja en su etiopatogenia amerita atención precoz de las embarazadas, estimular el control prenatal, mejorar la asistencia perinatal y su investigación.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: To study the prevalence of low birth weight, associated maternal and perinatal characteristics and assistance. Setting: Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara" Puerto Cabello. Method: Transversal design, retrospective descriptive study of 548 mothers with 554 infants of low birth weight (< 2 500 g), including 6 twin, occurred during the years 2006-2008. Of a total of 7 568 live births, the average prevalence was 7.32 %, or 1 every 14 live births. Results: Patients most districts residing in 46.17 %, with provenance 76.46 % Carabobo state, besides 90.9 % single and concubines, 35.77 % aged 20-24, and 45.5 % did not control pregnancy. In family history, hypertension and diabetes 54.09 % and 25.91 %, on a personal history, hypertension (24.38 %) and cesarean section (23.67 %), and the current condition, labor (37.23 %), premature rupture of membranes (20.99 %), preterm labor (10.77 %). The 49.82 % were multiparous, the 72.08 % and 27.92 pre-term to term, cesarean resolved in 38.5 %, 55.96 % male dominated infants, weighing between 2000 and 2 499 g (39,71 %) and height of 45-49 cm (64.98 %). Had Apgar Index 7 or less was 54.96 %. The morbidity rate was 55.61 %, the perinatal mortality was 32.49 %, fetal 19.85 % and 12.63 % neonatal. Sepsis and prematurity were the predominant diseases in the morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: Low birth weight infants have a high prevalence with notable impact on perinatal health, effects mainly caused by sepsis and prematurity. This complex pathology merits attention in the pathophysiology of early pregnant women, prenatal stimulate and improve perinatal care and research.

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          Most cited references56

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            Size at birth and resilience to effects of poor living conditions in adult life: longitudinal study.

            To determine whether men who grew slowly in utero or during infancy are more vulnerable to the later effects of poor living conditions on coronary heart disease. Follow up study of men for whom there were data on body size at birth and growth and social class during childhood, educational level, and social class and income in adult life. Helsinki, Finland. 3676 men who were born during 1934-44, attended child welfare clinics in Helsinki, were still resident in Finland in 1971, and for whom data from the 1980 census were available. Hospital admission for or death from coronary heart disease. Men who had low social class or low household income in adult life had increased rates of coronary heart disease. The hazard ratio among men with the lowest annual income (<8400 pound sterling) was 1.71 (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 2.48) compared with 1.00 in men with incomes above 15, 700 pound sterling. These effects were stronger in men who were thin at birth (ponderal index <26 kg/m(3)): hazard ratio 2.58 (1.45 to 4.60) for men with lowest annual income. Among the men who were thin at birth the effects of low social class were greater in those who had accelerated weight gain between ages 1 and 12 years. Low social class in childhood further increased risk of disease, partly because it was associated with poor growth during infancy. Low educational attainment was associated with increased risk, and low income had no effect once this was taken into account. Men who grow slowly in utero remain biologically different to other men. They are more vulnerable to the effects of low socioeconomic status and low income on coronary heart disease.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                og
                Revista de Obstetricia y Ginecología de Venezuela
                Rev Obstet Ginecol Venez
                Sociedad de Obstetricia y Ginecología de Venezuela (Caracas )
                0048-7732
                September 2011
                : 71
                : 3
                : 151-157
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Carabobo Venezuela
                Article
                S0048-77322011000300002
                ee508c84-884b-47e6-85b7-f78f64fb7d39

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0048-7732&lng=en
                Categories
                OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY

                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Neonates,Low birth weight,Epidemiology,Neonatos,Bajo peso,Epidemiología
                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Neonates, Low birth weight, Epidemiology, Neonatos, Bajo peso, Epidemiología

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