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      • Record: found
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      Providing a harmonious smile with laminate veneers for a patient with peg-shaped lateral incisors

      case-report

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          Abstract

          The most common discrepancy concerning tooth size is the presence of peg-shaped lateral incisors, which can cause teeth with reduced size, anterior diastema, and consequently an unpleasant smile. The development of the adhesive dentistry and ceramic veneers allowed all ceramic-bonded restorations to become an esthetic and functional approach to reestablish the smile harmony. The purpose of this clinical report is to describe a conservative treatment approach to recover an esthetic disharmony caused by bilateral peg-shaped lateral incisors. A 30-year-old female patient was seeking treatment to solve an esthetic disharmony of her smile. Lithium disilicate veneers were planned and build-up with the help of diagnostic models, wax-up, mock-up, and silicone guides, to restore the morphology, size, function, and esthetic of upper lateral incisors and smile. The lithium disilicate veneers were able to provide the harmonization of the patient's smile, recovering the teeth size, shape, and anatomic characteristics.

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          Most cited references13

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          A critical review of the durability of adhesion to tooth tissue: methods and results.

          J De Munck, K Van Landuyt, M Peumans … (2005)
          The immediate bonding effectiveness of contemporary adhesives is quite favorable, regardless of the approach used. In the long term, the bonding effectiveness of some adhesives drops dramatically, whereas the bond strengths of other adhesives are more stable. This review examines the fundamental processes that cause the adhesion of biomaterials to enamel and dentin to degrade with time. Non-carious class V clinical trials remain the ultimate test method for the assessment of bonding effectiveness, but in addition to being high-cost, they are time- and labor-consuming, and they provide little information on the true cause of clinical failure. Therefore, several laboratory protocols were developed to predict bond durability. This paper critically appraises methodologies that focus on chemical degradation patterns of hydrolysis and elution of interface components, as well as mechanically oriented test set-ups, such as fatigue and fracture toughness measurements. A correlation of in vitro and in vivo data revealed that, currently, the most validated method to assess adhesion durability involves aging of micro-specimens of biomaterials bonded to either enamel or dentin. After about 3 months, all classes of adhesives exhibited mechanical and morphological evidence of degradation that resembles in vivo aging effects. A comparison of contemporary adhesives revealed that the three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives remain the 'gold standard' in terms of durability. Any kind of simplification in the clinical application procedure results in loss of bonding effectiveness. Only the two-step self-etch adhesives approach the gold standard and do have some additional clinical benefits.
          Article 0 comments Cited 282 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature.

            Andrew Joiner (2006)
            To review current knowledge of tooth whitening with respect to external bleaching methods. The scope is the external bleaching of vital teeth and focuses on mechanisms; in vivo and in vitro measurement methods, and factors influencing the efficacy of the whitening process. "Medline" and "ISI Web of Science" databases from 1966 and 1974, respectively were searched electronically with key words tooth, teeth, colo*r, white*, bleach* and peroxide. The importance of tooth whitening for patients and consumers has seen a dramatic increase in the number of products and procedures over recent years, with a concomitant rise in publications on this topic. Literature suggests that the mechanisms of tooth whitening by peroxide occur by the diffusion of peroxide through enamel to cause oxidation and hence lightening of coloured species, particularly within the dentinal regions. A number of approaches are available for measuring changes in tooth colour. These include visual measurements by trained clinicians and instrumental measurements using spectrophotometry, chromameters and digital image analysis. The key factors that affect tooth whitening efficacy by peroxide containing products are concentration and time. In general, higher concentrations are faster than lower concentrations. However, lower concentrations can approach the efficacy of higher concentrations with extended treatment times. Alternative bleach systems to peroxide have received only minor attention. The efficacy of light activated systems versus non-light activated controls in clinical studies is limited and conflicting. Other factors which can influence tooth bleaching outcome include type of stain, initial tooth colour and subject age.
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              Variations in number and morphology of permanent teeth in 7-year-old Swedish children.

              B. Bäckman, B Wåhlin (2000)
              To establish the prevalence of numerical and morphological variations of permanent teeth in Swedish 7-year-olds and to accept or reject the hypothesis of a higher prevalence for these conditions in northern Sweden compared to other areas. Cross-sectional. Department of Odontology/Pedodontics, Umeå University, Sweden. A total of 739 healthy Caucasian 7-year-olds residing in the city of Umeå, northern Sweden in 1976. The children were examined clinically and radiographically. The prevalence of hypodontia (excluding third molars) in girls was 8.4%, in boys 6.5%, and in both sexes combined 7.4%. Of the children with hypodontia, the majority (90.9%) lacked one or two teeth. Lower second premolars were the teeth most frequently missing. The prevalence of hyperdontia was 1.9%; 11 girls and three boys were affected; 78% of the supernumerary teeth were mesiodenses. Of the morphological variations, peg-shaped upper lateral incisors were found in 0.8% of the children, double-formation (gemination) in 0.3%, taurodontism in 0.3% and dens invaginatus in 6.8%. One diagnosis was found in 18% of the children, and in almost 8% of them more than one diagnosis was found. The results agree with those obtained in similar populations and are considered representative of this ethnic group. The hypothesis of a genetically determined higher prevalence of numerical and morphological variations in the study population was not verified.
              Article 0 comments Cited 37 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Conserv Dent
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Conserv Dent
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JCD
                Title: Journal of Conservative Dentistry : JCD
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0972-0707
                ISSN (Electronic): 0974-5203
                Publication date (Print): May-Jun 2017
                Volume: 20
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 210-213
                Affiliations
                [1]Meridional Dental Studies Center (CEOM), Esthetic Dentistry, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
                [1 ]Meridional Dental Studies Center (CEOM), Esthetic Dentistry, Meridional Faculty (IMED), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
                [2 ]School of Dentistry, Meridional Faculty (IMED), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Rodrigo Varella de Carvalho, Meridional Faculty, Rua Senador Pinheiro, 304, Passo Fundo, RS 99070-220, Brazil. E-mail: rodrigo.varella@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: JCD-20-210
                DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.218311
                PMC ID: 5706325
                SO-VID: ed56a2fe-aac3-4500-b2ec-350a9018e71e
                Copyright © Copyright: © Journal of Conservative Dentistry
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : 25 October 2016
                Date revision received : 19 December 2016
                Date accepted : 01 December 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: dental cement,dental esthetics,dental veneers,lithium disilicate
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: dental cement, dental esthetics, dental veneers, lithium disilicate

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