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      Influência da técnica de pressão expiratória positiva oscilante e da técnica de expiração forçada na contagem de células e quantidade do escarro induzido em portadores de asma ou doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica Translated title: Influence of oscillating positive expiratory pressure and the forced expiratory technique on sputum cell counts and quantity of induced sputum in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Avaliar se técnicas fisioterápicas interferem no número de células e na quantidade do escarro obtido por coleta induzida, em pacientes com asma e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico prospectivo e randomizado, no qual os pacientes com asma ou DPOC sob intervenção (n = 16 e 10, respectivamente) foram comparados com grupos controle (n = 16 e 10). Pacientes dos grupos asma/intervenção (A/I) e DPOC/intervenção (D/I) foram submetidos a manobras de pressão expiratória positiva oscilante por 5 min, seguidas de 10 repetições da técnica de expiração forçada. Além disso, esses pacientes foram submetidos a um protocolo de indução de escarro com a inalação de solução salina hipertônica (3%, 4% e 5%), no caso dos A/I, e de solução salina isotônica, no caso dos D/I. Os grupos asma/controle(A/C) e DPOC/controle (D/C) foram somente submetidos ao protocolo padrão de indução de escarro. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento significante do peso média final de escarro no grupo A/I vs. grupo A/C (2.767,25 ± 998,08 mg e 1.689,17 ± 1.189,96 mg, respectivamente; p = 0,03). O número absoluto de células (×10(6)/mL) foi maior nos grupos A/I e D/I do que nos grupos A/C e D/C (média/mediana, 4,06/0,95 e 0,63/0,39, respectivamente; p = 0,05; e 5,08/1,77 e 0,64/0,40; p = 0,02). A viabilidade celular não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de técnicas respiratórias pode aumentar o peso do escarro em pacientes com asma, assim como aumentar o número absoluto de células em pacientes com asma ou DOPC.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether respiratory therapy techniques influence the number of cells within and quantity of induced sputum in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Randomized clinical trial, in which patients with asthma or COPD under intervention (n = 16 and 10, respectively) were compared with control groups (n = 16 and 10). Patients in the asthma/intervention (A/I) and COPD/intervention (C/I) groups were submitted to oscillating positive expiratory pressure maneuvers for 5 min, followed by 10 forced expiratory technique sequences. These patients were also submitted to an induced sputum protocol with inhaled hypertonic saline (3%, 4% or 5%; A/I group) or inhaled isotonic saline (C/I group). The asthma/control (A/C) and COPD/control (C/C) groups were submitted only to the standard induced sputum protocol. RESULTS: The final mean weight of the sputum samples was significantly greater in the A/I group than in the A/C group (2,767.25 ± 998.08 mg vs. 1,689.17 ± 1,189.96 mg; p = 0.03). The mean/median total cell counts (×10(6)/mL) were higher in the A/I and C/I groups than in the A/C and C/C groups (4.06/0.95 and 0.63/0.39, p = 0.05, vs. 5.08/1.77 and 0.64/0.40, p = 0.02). There were no statistically significant differences among the groups in terms of cell viability. CONCLUSIONS: The use of respiratory therapy techniques can increase sputum sample weight in asthma patients, as well as increasing total cell counts in patients with asthma or COPD.

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          Most cited references23

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          Clinical applications of induced sputum.

          The development of standardized methods for sputum induction has improved the quality and reproducibility of sputum samples. This technique has been used to optimize samples in the investigation of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer, but its clinical application as a noninvasive measure of airway inflammation has highlighted the enormous potential of this technique. Sputum induction has allowed researchers to characterize the inflammatory profiles of a variety of airway diseases including asthma, COPD, and chronic cough. To date, the identification of sputum eosinophilia has the greatest clinical value as this predicts a favorable response to corticosteroids and can therefore guide treatment. In asthma and COPD management, protocols aimed at normalizing the sputum eosinophil count have markedly reduced exacerbations without an overall increase in therapy. Currently, no other noninvasive measure of airway inflammation has demonstrated a benefit in reducing exacerbations. The value of sputum induction and analysis is not restricted to the recognition of sputum eosinophilia but also may be used to direct novel antineutrophilic therapies. Thus, it is time for sputum induction to move from the research laboratory to the clinic.
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            Regional lung clearance during cough and forced expiration technique (FET): effects of flow and viscoelasticity.

            In vitro studies have suggested that both the viscoelastic properties of lung secretions and the peak flow attained during simulated cough influence clearance. This study examines the possible association of the viscoelastic properties of sputum and maximum expiratory flow with measured effectiveness of mucus clearance induced by instructed cough and by forced expiration technique (FET) in patients with airways obstruction.
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              Expert Panel Report: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma: Update on Selected Topics - 2002

              (2002)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jbpneu
                Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia
                J. bras. pneumol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia (São Paulo )
                1806-3756
                December 2008
                : 34
                : 12
                : 1026-1032
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Regional Integrada Brasil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1806-37132008001200007
                10.1590/S1806-37132008001200007
                eb9d29d6-cd53-4078-803c-9b15b6b07005

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1806-3713&lng=en
                Categories
                RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

                Respiratory medicine
                Asthma,Pulmonary disease, obstructive chronic,Sputum,Physical therapy modalities,Asma,Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica,Escarro,Modalidades de fisioterapia

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