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      Crucial breakthrough of second near-infrared biological window fluorophores: design and synthesis toward multimodal imaging and theranostics.

      1 , , ,
      Chemical Society reviews
      Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

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          Abstract

          The development of fluorophores and molecular probes for the second near-infrared biological window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) represents an important, newly emerging and dynamic field in molecular imaging, chemical biology and materials chemistry. Because of reduced scattering, minimal absorption and negligible autofluorescence, NIR-II imaging provides high resolution, a high signal-to-noise ratio, and deep tissue penetration capability. Among various state-of-the-art bioimaging modalities, one of the greatest challenges in developing novel probes is to achieve both high resolution and sensitivity. The chemical design and synthesis of NIR-II fluorophores suitable for multimodal imaging is thus emerging as a new and powerful strategy for obtaining high-definition images. NIR-II fluorophores may convert NIR-II photons into heat for photothermal therapy and be excited by NIR-II light to produce singlet oxygen for photodynamic therapy. The presence of simultaneous diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities in a single probe can be used for precise treatment. In this review, we have focused on recent advances in the chemical design and synthesis of NIR-II fluorophores from small organic molecules to organic and inorganic nanoparticles, and we have further discussed recent advances and key operational differences in reported NIR-II imaging systems and biomedical applications based on NIR-II imaging, such as multimodal imaging, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, guidance for intraoperative surgery, and drug delivery.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Chem Soc Rev
          Chemical Society reviews
          Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
          1460-4744
          0306-0012
          Jun 18 2018
          : 47
          : 12
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China. songjun@szu.edu.cn jlqu@szu.edu.cn.
          Article
          10.1039/c8cs00234g
          29725670
          eade42ed-7f14-43c6-a1eb-a7fadcd2e003
          History

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