116
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      CMOS Image Sensors for High Speed Applications

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Recent advances in deep submicron CMOS technologies and improved pixel designs have enabled CMOS-based imagers to surpass charge-coupled devices (CCD) imaging technology for mainstream applications. The parallel outputs that CMOS imagers can offer, in addition to complete camera-on-a-chip solutions due to being fabricated in standard CMOS technologies, result in compelling advantages in speed and system throughput. Since there is a practical limit on the minimum pixel size (4∼5 μm) due to limitations in the optics, CMOS technology scaling can allow for an increased number of transistors to be integrated into the pixel to improve both detection and signal processing. Such smart pixels truly show the potential of CMOS technology for imaging applications allowing CMOS imagers to achieve the image quality and global shuttering performance necessary to meet the demands of ultrahigh-speed applications. In this paper, a review of CMOS-based high-speed imager design is presented and the various implementations that target ultrahigh-speed imaging are described. This work also discusses the design, layout and simulation results of an ultrahigh acquisition rate CMOS active-pixel sensor imager that can take 8 frames at a rate of more than a billion frames per second (fps).

          Related collections

          Most cited references37

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          A biomorphic digital image sensor

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            A 10000 frames/s CMOS digital pixel sensor

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Proton radiography.

              A Koehler (1968)
              Energetic protons from an accelerator may be used to produce radiographs showing unusually high contrast but relatively poor spatial resolution.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                1424-8220
                2009
                13 January 2009
                : 9
                : 1
                : 430-444
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; E-Mail: eldesom@ 123456mcmaster.ca
                [2 ] Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; E-Mail: qfang@ 123456mcmaster.ca
                [3 ] Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; E-Mail: louis.liu@ 123456uhn.on.ca
                [4 ] Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; E-Mails: tsef@ 123456mcmaster.ca ; armstro@ 123456mcmaster.ca
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: jamal@ 123456mcmaster.ca
                Article
                sensors-09-00430
                10.3390/s90100430
                3280755
                22389609
                3ae0c024-4af4-426a-a14c-5063b165d8a9
                © 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                : 28 November 2008
                : 4 January 2009
                : 5 January 2009
                Categories
                Review

                Biomedical engineering
                high-speed,photodetectors,ccd,biomedical imaging,image-sensor,cmos,smart-pixel,active-pixel-sensor

                Comments

                Comment on this article