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      Avaliação da investigação de óbitos por causas mal definidas no estado da Bahia, Brasil, em 2010 Translated title: Assessment of the investigation of deaths from ill-defined causes in the state of Bahia in 2010

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          Abstract

          Resumo A investigação de óbitos por causas mal definidas (CMD) tem sido uma estratégia utilizada pelos serviços de saúde para redução do percentual destes óbitos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a adesão dos municípios na utilização de formulários preconizados na investigação de óbitos por CMD e o impacto destas investigações na redução percentual desses óbitos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Analisou-se a utilização dos formulários Investigação do Óbito com Causa Mal Definida (IOCMD) e autópsia verbal (AV), e o percentual de reclassificação da causa básica (CB) de morte após as investigações, em uma amostra probabilística de 27 municípios no Estado da Bahia e a capital Salvador, no ano de 2010. Dos 27 municípios da amostra, aproximadamente 50% investigaram os óbitos por CMD utilizando-se os formulários preconizados. Foram identificados 1092 óbitos por CMD, dos quais 53,1% foram investigados: em 40,5% dos casos utilizou-se apenas o formulário IOCMD, apenas o formulário AV em 15,3%, e ambos os formulários em 14,3% dos casos. A investigação dos óbitos por CMD possibilitou a redução do percentual desses óbitos de 16,5% para 9,9%, e mostrou-se mais efetiva quando realizada utilizando-se os formulários preconizados.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The investigation of deaths from ill-defined causes (DIDC) has been a strategy of health services to reduce the proportion of these events. This study aimed to estimate the adherence of municipalities to the use of recommended forms in the investigation of DIDC and the impact of these investigations on the reduction of these deaths in the Mortality Information System. The use of the Investigation of Death from Ill-defined Cause (IOCMD) and Verbal Autopsy (VA)forms and the proportion of reclassified underlying cause of death following investigations were analyzed in a probabilistic sample of 27 municipalities of Bahia state, and its capital Salvador, in 2010. Of the 27 municipalities, approximately 50% used the recommended forms to investigate DIDCs. Of the 1,092DIDCs in the sample, 53.1% were investigated: in 40.5% of the cases, only the IOCMD form was used; in 15.3%, only the VA form was used; and both forms were used in 14.3% of the cases. The investigation of DIDCs reduced the percentages of these deaths from 16.5% to 9.9% and proved to be more effective when performed using the recommended forms.

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          Ill-defined causes of death in Brazil: a redistribution method based on the investigation of such causes

          OBJECTIVE To propose a method of redistributing ill-defined causes of death (IDCD) based on the investigation of such causes. METHODS In 2010, an evaluation of the results of investigating the causes of death classified as IDCD in accordance with chapter 18 of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) by the Mortality Information System was performed. The redistribution coefficients were calculated according to the proportional distribution of ill-defined causes reclassified after investigation in any chapter of the ICD-10, except for chapter 18, and used to redistribute the ill-defined causes not investigated and remaining by sex and age. The IDCD redistribution coefficient was compared with two usual methods of redistribution: a) Total redistribution coefficient, based on the proportional distribution of all the defined causes originally notified and b) Non-external redistribution coefficient, similar to the previous, but excluding external causes. RESULTS Of the 97,314 deaths by ill-defined causes reported in 2010, 30.3% were investigated, and 65.5% of those were reclassified as defined causes after the investigation. Endocrine diseases, mental disorders, and maternal causes had a higher representation among the reclassified ill-defined causes, contrary to infectious diseases, neoplasms, and genitourinary diseases, with higher proportions among the defined causes reported. External causes represented 9.3% of the ill-defined causes reclassified. The correction of mortality rates by the total redistribution coefficient and non-external redistribution coefficient increased the magnitude of the rates by a relatively similar factor for most causes, contrary to the IDCD redistribution coefficient that corrected the different causes of death with differentiated weights. CONCLUSIONS The proportional distribution of causes among the ill-defined causes reclassified after investigation was not similar to the original distribution of defined causes. Therefore, the redistribution of the remaining ill-defined causes based on the investigation allows for more appropriate estimates of the mortality risk due to specific causes.
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            A shortened verbal autopsy instrument for use in routine mortality surveillance systems

            Background Verbal autopsy (VA) is recognized as the only feasible alternative to comprehensive medical certification of deaths in settings with no or unreliable vital registration systems. However, a barrier to its use by national registration systems has been the amount of time and cost needed for data collection. Therefore, a short VA instrument (VAI) is needed. In this paper we describe a shortened version of the VAI developed for the Population Health Metrics Research Consortium (PHMRC) Gold Standard Verbal Autopsy Validation Study using a systematic approach. Methods We used data from the PHMRC validation study. Using the Tariff 2.0 method, we first established a rank order of individual questions in the PHMRC VAI according to their importance in predicting causes of death. Second, we reduced the size of the instrument by dropping questions in reverse order of their importance. We assessed the predictive performance of the instrument as questions were removed at the individual level by calculating chance-corrected concordance and at the population level with cause-specific mortality fraction (CSMF) accuracy. Finally, the optimum size of the shortened instrument was determined using a first derivative analysis of the decline in performance as the size of the VA instrument decreased for adults, children, and neonates. Results The full PHMRC VAI had 183, 127, and 149 questions for adult, child, and neonatal deaths, respectively. The shortened instrument developed had 109, 69, and 67 questions, respectively, representing a decrease in the total number of questions of 40-55 %. The shortened instrument, with text, showed non-significant declines in CSMF accuracy from the full instrument with text of 0.4 %, 0.0 %, and 0.6 % for the adult, child, and neonatal modules, respectively. Conclusions We developed a shortened VAI using a systematic approach, and assessed its performance when administered using hand-held electronic tablets and analyzed using Tariff 2.0. The length of a VA questionnaire was shortened by almost 50 % without a significant drop in performance. The shortened VAI developed reduces the burden of time and resources required for data collection and analysis of cause of death data in civil registration systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0528-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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              The use of simplified verbal autopsy in identifying causes of adult death in a predominantly rural population in Ethiopia

              Background Information on adult mortality is essentially non-existent in Ethiopia particularly from rural areas where access to health services is limited and most deaths occur at home. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying causes of adult death in a rural population of Ethiopia using a simplified verbal autopsy instrument. Methods All deaths in the age-group 15–49 years during the period of 1995–99 were taken from computerized demographic surveillance database maintained by the Butajira Rural Health Program. Data on the causes of death were collected from close relatives of the deceased persons by lay interviewers. Causes of death were diagnosed using "expert algorithm" programmed onto a computer. Results The major causes of death were acute febrile illnesses (25.2%), liver diseases (11.3%), diarrheal diseases (11.1%), tuberculosis (9.7%) and HIV/AIDS (7.4%). Overall communicable diseases accounted for 60.8% of the deaths. The high levels of mortality from communicable diseases reflect the poor socioeconomic development of the country, and the general poor coverage of health and education services in rural Ethiopia. The tools used in this study can easily be added-on to the numerous health surveys conducted in the country. Conclusion The simplified approach to verbal autopsy diagnosis can produce useful data that can effectively guide priority health interventions in rural areas where routine information system is either very weak or non-existent.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1413-8123
                1678-4561
                May 2019
                : 24
                : 5
                : 1831-1844
                Affiliations
                [2] Brasília Distrito Federal orgnameUniversidade de Brasília orgdiv1Centro de Estudos Avançados Multidisciplinares Brazil
                [1] Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social Brazil carolina.candida.cunha@ 123456gmail.com
                [3] Brasília Distrito Federal orgnameMinistério da Saúde orgdiv1Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde orgdiv2Departamento de Análise de Situação de Saúde Brazil
                Article
                S1413-81232019000501831
                10.1590/1413-81232018245.14852017
                31166516
                ea5f4b9f-6bc2-41e9-b7b8-4ae95ba1ef9a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 March 2017
                : 03 August 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 14
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                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Temas Livres

                Avaliação em saúde,Causas de morte,Sistemas de Informação,Estatísticas vitais,Sistema de informações sobre mortalidade,Health evaluation,Cause of death,Information systems,Vital statistics,Mortality registries

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