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      Anemia and Nutritional Status of Syrian Refugee Mothers and Their Children under Five Years in Greater Beirut, Lebanon

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          Abstract

          The objective was to assess the prevalence of anemia and nutritional status of mothers and children under five years among Syrian refugees in Lebanon and to identify nutritional deficiencies among pregnant, lactating, and non-pregnant non-lactating (NPNLM) mothers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Syrian refugee mothers with children under five years in Greater Beirut, Lebanon ( n = 433). Data on socio-economic status, maternal health, lifestyle characteristics, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, and hemoglobin concentrations were collected. The prevalence of anemia was 21.7% among mothers and 30.5% among children. NPNLM with overweight/obesity and an at-risk waist circumference (WC) had 14.7-times and 10.9-times higher odds of anemia than mothers with normal WC and weight. Children of anemic mothers had 2.7-times and 4.4-times higher odds of total and mild anemia than those of non-anemic. Higher odds of mild anemia were found among children of lactating mothers than of NPNLM. A high percent energy intake of total fat and sugar was found among all mothers. Nutritional inadequacy was identified in higher proportions of lactating and pregnant mothers than NPNLM. Our findings highlighted the co-existence of overnutrition and anemia among Syrian refugee mothers and undernutrition among children from the same household. Culture-specific interventions are needed to support maternal nutrition, to ensure the health and wellbeing of their offspring.

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          Most cited references117

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                ijerph
                International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                MDPI
                1661-7827
                1660-4601
                27 June 2021
                July 2021
                : 18
                : 13
                : 6894
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Nutritional Sciences (140), University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; theresa.jeremias@ 123456uni-hohenheim.de (T.J.); jan.frank@ 123456uni-hohenheim.de (J.F.); veronika.scherbaum@ 123456uni-hohenheim.de (V.S.)
                [2 ]Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; ln10@ 123456aub.edu.lb (L.N.); lj18@ 123456aub.edu.lb (L.J.); nahla@ 123456aub.edu.lb (N.H.)
                [3 ]Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; htamim@ 123456aub.edu.lb
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5580-2591
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3046-4581
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7548-5829
                Article
                ijerph-18-06894
                10.3390/ijerph18136894
                8297067
                34199032
                e9dc4baa-02ed-40ee-a555-b6d94ae5aa92
                © 2021 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 07 May 2021
                : 23 June 2021
                Categories
                Article

                Public health
                anemia,obesity,maternal nutrition,nutritional inadequacy,pregnancy,lactation,children under five years,syrian refugees,lebanon

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