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      BK polyomavirus infection promotes growth and aggressiveness in bladder cancer

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          Abstract

          Background

          Recent studies have confirmed the integration of the BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) gene into the cellular genome of urothelial carcinomas in transplant recipients, further confirming the correlation between BKPyV and urothelial carcinomas after transplantation. However, the role BKPyV infections play in the biological function of bladder cancer remains unclear.

          Methods

          We developed a BKPyV-infected bladder cancer cell model and a mice tumor model to discuss the role of BKPyV infections.

          Results

          Our research proves that BKPyV infections promote the proliferation, invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells, while the activation of β-catenin signaling pathway is one of its mediation mechanisms.

          Conclusions

          We first described BKPyV infection promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of bladder cancer. We verified the role of β-catenin signaling pathway and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition effect in BKPyV-infected bladder cancer. These results provide meaningful information towards the diagnosis and treatment of clinical bladder cancer.

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          Most cited references19

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          The interaction of SV40 small tumor antigen with protein phosphatase 2A stimulates the map kinase pathway and induces cell proliferation.

          Interaction with SV40 small tumor antigen (small t) compromised the ability of multimeric protein phosphatase 2A to inactivate the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase MEK1. Transient expression of small t in CV-1 cells activated MEK and ERK but did not affect Raf activity. Small t stimulated the growth of quiescent CV-1 cells almost as effectively as did serum. Coexpression of kinase-deficient ERK2 blocked most, but not all, of the proliferation caused by small t. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and stimulation of cell growth were dependent on the interaction of small t with protein phosphatase 2A. These findings indicate that SV40 small t is capable of inducing cell growth through blockade of protein phosphatase and deregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.
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            Carcinogenicity of malaria and of some polyomaviruses.

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              Polyomaviruses and human cancer: molecular mechanisms underlying patterns of tumorigenesis.

              Polyomaviruses are DNA tumor viruses with small circular genomes encoding only six proteins including three structural capsid proteins. Despite this simplicity, our understanding of the mechanisms of polyomavirus-mediated tumorigenesis is far from complete. The archetypal primate polyomavirus, SV40, was isolated more than 40 years ago and has been used extensively as a model system for the study of basic eukaryotic cellular processes such as DNA replication and transcription. Two human polyomaviruses have been isolated from clinical samples: JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV). In this review, SV40, JCV, and BKV will be compared based on what is known about their molecular biology from experiments performed in vitro, in cell culture and in laboratory animals. The association of these viruses with clinical tumors is discussed along with the possible roles of these polyomaviruses in the etiology of human malignant disease.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                tyzhu@shphc.org.cn
                Journal
                Virol J
                Virol. J
                Virology Journal
                BioMed Central (London )
                1743-422X
                14 September 2020
                14 September 2020
                2020
                : 17
                : 139
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.8547.e, ISNI 0000 0001 0125 2443, Department of Urology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, , Fudan University, ; Shanghai, 201508 China
                [2 ]GRID grid.413087.9, ISNI 0000 0004 1755 3939, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, ; Shanghai, China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6697-4209
                Article
                1399
                10.1186/s12985-020-01399-7
                7488779
                32928222
                e81b3731-ce5d-4781-9d1b-d6d7f6acca0d
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 12 May 2020
                : 14 August 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 81270833, 81570674
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Scientific Research Project
                Award ID: 20194Y0088
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Microbiology & Virology
                bk polyomavirus,bladder cancer,cell growth,cell aggressiveness
                Microbiology & Virology
                bk polyomavirus, bladder cancer, cell growth, cell aggressiveness

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