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      Damage mechanism and therapy progress of the blood-brain barrier after ischemic stroke

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          Abstract

          The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a defensive line protecting the central nervous system, while also maintaining micro-environment homeostasis and inhibiting harmful materials from the peripheral blood. However, the BBB’s unique physiological functions and properties make drug delivery challenging for patients with central nervous system diseases. In this article, we briefly describe the cell structure basis and mechanism of action of the BBB, as well as related functional proteins involved. Additionally, we discuss the various mechanisms of BBB damage following the onset of an ischemic stroke, and lastly, we mention several therapeutic strategies accounting for impairment mechanisms. We hope to provide innovative ideas for drug delivery research via the BBB.

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          Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

          Emelia Benjamin, Salim S. Virani, Clifton Callaway … (2018)
          Article 0 comments Cited 1451 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Remodelling the extracellular matrix in development and disease.

            Caroline Bonnans, Jonathan Chou, Zena Werb (2014)
            The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic structure that is present in all tissues and continuously undergoes controlled remodelling. This process involves quantitative and qualitative changes in the ECM, mediated by specific enzymes that are responsible for ECM degradation, such as metalloproteinases. The ECM interacts with cells to regulate diverse functions, including proliferation, migration and differentiation. ECM remodelling is crucial for regulating the morphogenesis of the intestine and lungs, as well as of the mammary and submandibular glands. Dysregulation of ECM composition, structure, stiffness and abundance contributes to several pathological conditions, such as fibrosis and invasive cancer. A better understanding of how the ECM regulates organ structure and function and of how ECM remodelling affects disease progression will contribute to the development of new therapeutics.
            Article 0 comments Cited 934 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              The blood-brain barrier.

              Richard Daneman, Alexandre Prat (2015)
              Blood vessels are critical to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all of the tissues and organs throughout the body. The blood vessels that vascularize the central nervous system (CNS) possess unique properties, termed the blood-brain barrier, which allow these vessels to tightly regulate the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood and the brain. This precise control of CNS homeostasis allows for proper neuronal function and also protects the neural tissue from toxins and pathogens, and alterations of these barrier properties are an important component of pathology and progression of different neurological diseases. The physiological barrier is coordinated by a series of physical, transport, and metabolic properties possessed by the endothelial cells (ECs) that form the walls of the blood vessels, and these properties are regulated by interactions with different vascular, immune, and neural cells. Understanding how these different cell populations interact to regulate the barrier properties is essential for understanding how the brain functions during health and disease.
              Article 0 comments Cited 850 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jin-Xia Hu:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7575-0904
                jinxia0819@163.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cell Biosci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cell Biosci
                Title: Cell & Bioscience
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-3701
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 November 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 1 November 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 13
                Electronic Location Identifier: 196
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.417303.2, ISNI 0000 0000 9927 0537, Institute of Stroke Research, , Xuzhou Medical University, ; Jiangsu, China
                [2 ]Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, ( https://ror.org/02kstas42) Jiangsu, China
                [3 ]School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, ( https://ror.org/01xt2dr21) Xuzhou, 221116 China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7575-0904
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1126
                DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01126-z
                PMC ID: 10619327
                PubMed ID: 37915036
                SO-VID: e66dcc78-6fcb-4bc9-a1f2-3f669dad5683
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2023
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 11 June 2023
                Date accepted : 4 September 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 82001276
                Award ID: 82171305
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012226, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities;
                Award ID: 2018BSCXA12
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012154, Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province;
                Award ID: KYCX18_1931
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Society of Chinese Bioscientists in America (SCBA) 2023

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cell biology
                Keywords: ischemic stroke,blood-brain barrier,stroke mechanism
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cell biology
                Keywords: ischemic stroke, blood-brain barrier, stroke mechanism

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