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      Are we underestimating the impact of COVID-19 on children’s physical activity in Europe?—a study of 24 302 children

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          Abstract

          This repeat cross-sectional study investigated the impact of lockdown in Europe in Winter (January and February 2021) on children’s and adolescent’s physical activity (PA) and recreational screen time (RST), and compared PA to the lockdown in Spring 2020. An online survey was administered ( n = 24 302; 6–18 years; 51.7% boys) in nine countries. PA and RST were assessed by 7-day recall. In total, 9.3% of children (95% confidence interval: 6.9–11.7) met WHO PA recommendation, which was half of the proportion observed in Spring 2020 [19.0% (18.2–19.9)]. Sixty percent exceeded the RST recommendations. This suggests that winter lockdown could have a more negative impact on PA than in spring.

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          Analysis of Complex Survey Samples

          Thomas Lumley (2004)
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            2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents aged 5–17 years: summary of the evidence

            Jean-Philippe Chaput, Juana Willumsen, Fiona Bull … (2020)
            Background The World Health Organization (WHO) released in 2020 updated global guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children, adolescents, adults, older adults and sub-populations such as pregnant and postpartum women and those living with chronic conditions or disabilities. Objective To summarize the evidence on the associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and health-related outcomes used to inform the 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents aged 5–17 years. Methods The update of the WHO guideline recommendations for children and adolescents utilized and systematically updated the evidence syntheses on physical activity and sedentary behaviour conducted for the 2016 Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth, the 2019 Australian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Young People (5–17 years), and the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, Second Edition. Systematic reviews published from 2017 up to July 2019 that addressed the key questions were identified, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to rate the certainty of the evidence for the entire body of evidence. Results The updated literature search yielded 21 relevant systematic reviews. The evidence base reviewed (i.e., existing and new systematic reviews) provided evidence that greater amounts and higher intensities of physical activity as well as different types of physical activity (i.e., aerobic and muscle and bone strengthening activities) are associated with improved health outcomes (primarily intermediate outcomes). There was sufficient evidence to support recommendations on limiting sedentary behaviours, which was not addressed in the 2010 WHO guidelines. However, there is still insufficient evidence available to fully describe the dose-response relationships between physical activity or sedentary behaviour and health outcomes, and whether the associations vary by type or domain of physical activity or sedentary behaviour. Conclusions Addressing the identified research gaps will better inform guideline recommendations in children and adolescents, and future work should aim to prioritize these areas of research. In the meantime, investment and leadership is needed to scale up known effective policies and programs aimed at increasing activity in children and adolescents.
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              Physical activity and screen time of children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: a natural experiment

              Steffen C. E. Schmidt, Bastian Anedda, Alexander Burchartz … (2020)
              The impact of COVID-19 on social life has been drastic and global. However, the different numbers of cases and different actions in different countries have been leading to various interesting yet unexplored effects on human behavior. In the present study, we compare the physical activity and recreational screen time of a representative sample of 1711 4- to 17-year-olds before and during the strictest time of the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany. We found that sports activity declined whereas recreational screen time increased. However, a substantial increase in habitual physical activities leads to an overall increase in physical activity among children and adolescents in Germany. The effects differ in size but not in their direction between age groups and are stable for boys and girls. We conclude from this natural experiment that physical activity among children and adolescents is highly context-driven and mutual and does not act as a functional opposite to recreational screen time.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Viktoria A Kovacs:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-7880
                Mirko Brandes
                Thomas Suesse
                Rok Blagus
                Stephen Whiting
                Kremlin Wickramasinghe
                Anthony D Okely
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Eur J Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Eur J Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): eurpub
                Title: The European Journal of Public Health
                Publisher: Oxford University Press
                ISSN (Print): 1101-1262
                ISSN (Electronic): 1464-360X
                Publication date Collection: June 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 January 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 12 January 2022
                Volume: 32
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 494-496
                Affiliations
                Hungarian School Sport Federation , Budapest, Hungary
                Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology (BIPS) , Bremen, Germany
                School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, Australia
                Medical Faculty, Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia
                WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases , Moscow, Russia
                WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases , Moscow, Russia
                Early Start and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, Australia
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Viktoria Anna Kovacs, Hungarian School Sport Federation, Munkacsy M. u. 17, Budapest H-1063, Hungary, Tel: +36 30 634 5058, Fax: +36 1 273 3599, e-mail: kovacs.viktoria.anna@ 123456mdsz.hu
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-7880
                Article
                Publisher ID: ckac003
                DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac003
                PMC ID: 9159340
                PubMed ID: 35022680
                SO-VID: e538687d-afc6-4efa-9127-fea853e8d9ad
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Page count
                Pages: 3
                Categories
                Subject: Covid-19
                Subject: AcademicSubjects/MED00860
                Subject: AcademicSubjects/SOC01210
                Subject: AcademicSubjects/SOC02610

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

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