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      Information demands from families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Translated title: Demandas de información de las familias de niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista Translated title: Demandas de informações das famílias de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the information demands of families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Method: this is a qualitative study conducted through semi-structured and audio-recorded interviews with 55 family members, in the states of Paraná, Ceará, and Macapá, between September 2018 and September 2019. Thematic category analysis and Qualitative Data Analysis Software resources were used for data organization. Results: it was identified that families need information regarding the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (definition, cause, possibility of cure, prognosis and the probability of having another child with Autism Spectrum Disorder); child’s routine and behavior; future rights and expectations. Final considerations: information demands are relevant to support professionals, health managers and other services in health care organization to support families of children with autism.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las demandas de información de las familias de niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista. Método: estudio cualitativo, realizado a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y grabadas en audio con 55 familiares, en los estados de Paraná, Ceará y Macapá, entre septiembre de 2018 y septiembre de 2019. Se utilizaron recursos del Qualitative Data Analysis Software y análisis categórico temático para organizar los datos. Resultados: se identificó que las familias necesitan información sobre las características del Trastorno del Espectro Autista (definición, causa, posibilidad de curación, pronóstico y probabilidad de tener otro hijo con Trastorno del Espectro Autista); la rutina y el comportamiento del niño; derechos y expectativas futuras. Consideraciones finales: las demandas de información son relevantes para apoyar a los profesionales, gestores de salud y otros servicios en la organización de la atención de salud para apoyar a las familias de niños con autismo.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as demandas de informações das famílias de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e audiogravada com 55 familiares, nos estados do Paraná, Ceará e Macapá, entre setembro de 2018 e setembro de 2019. Utilizaram-se análise categorial temática e os recursos do Qualitative Data Analysis Software para organização dos dados. Resultados: identificou-se que as famílias necessitam de informações referentes às características do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (definição, causa, possibilidade de cura, prognóstico e a probabilidade de ter outro filho com Transtorno do Espectro Autista); a rotina e o comportamento da criança; os direitos e as expectativas futuras. Considerações finais: as demandas de informação são relevantes para subsidiar os profissionais, gestores de saúde e de outros serviços na organização da atenção à saúde para apoiar as famílias de crianças com autismo.

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          Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016

          Problem/Condition Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Period Covered 2016. Description of System The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network is an active surveillance program that provides estimates of the prevalence of ASD among children aged 8 years whose parents or guardians live in 11 ADDM Network sites in the United States (Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Wisconsin). Surveillance is conducted in two phases. The first phase involves review and abstraction of comprehensive evaluations that were completed by medical and educational service providers in the community. In the second phase, experienced clinicians who systematically review all abstracted information determine ASD case status. The case definition is based on ASD criteria described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Results For 2016, across all 11 sites, ASD prevalence was 18.5 per 1,000 (one in 54) children aged 8 years, and ASD was 4.3 times as prevalent among boys as among girls. ASD prevalence varied by site, ranging from 13.1 (Colorado) to 31.4 (New Jersey). Prevalence estimates were approximately identical for non-Hispanic white (white), non-Hispanic black (black), and Asian/Pacific Islander children (18.5, 18.3, and 17.9, respectively) but lower for Hispanic children (15.4). Among children with ASD for whom data on intellectual or cognitive functioning were available, 33% were classified as having intellectual disability (intelligence quotient [IQ] ≤70); this percentage was higher among girls than boys (40% versus 32%) and among black and Hispanic than white children (47%, 36%, and 27%, respectively). Black children with ASD were less likely to have a first evaluation by age 36 months than were white children with ASD (40% versus 45%). The overall median age at earliest known ASD diagnosis (51 months) was similar by sex and racial and ethnic groups; however, black children with IQ ≤70 had a later median age at ASD diagnosis than white children with IQ ≤70 (48 months versus 42 months). Interpretation The prevalence of ASD varied considerably across sites and was higher than previous estimates since 2014. Although no overall difference in ASD prevalence between black and white children aged 8 years was observed, the disparities for black children persisted in early evaluation and diagnosis of ASD. Hispanic children also continue to be identified as having ASD less frequently than white or black children. Public Health Action These findings highlight the variability in the evaluation and detection of ASD across communities and between sociodemographic groups. Continued efforts are needed for early and equitable identification of ASD and timely enrollment in services.
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            The Changing Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders

            Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with lifelong impacts. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to ASD etiology, which remains incompletely understood. Research on ASD epidemiology has made significant advances in the past decade. Current prevalence is estimated to be at least 1.5% in developed countries, with recent increases primarily among those without comorbid intellectual disability. Genetic studies have identified a number of rare de novo mutations and gained footing in the areas of polygenic risk, epigenetics, and gene-by-environment interaction. Epidemiologic investigations focused on nongenetic factors have established advanced parental age and preterm birth as ASD risk factors, indicated that prenatal exposure to air pollution and short interpregnancy interval are potential risk factors, and suggested the need for further exploration of certain prenatal nutrients, metabolic conditions, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We discuss future challenges and goals for ASD epidemiology as well as public health implications.
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              Parents' experiences of living with a child with a long-term condition: a rapid structured review of the literature.

              Living with a child with a long-term condition can result in challenges above usual parenting because of illness-specific demands. A critical evaluation of research exploring parents' experiences of living with a child with a long-term condition is timely because international health policy advocates that patients with long-term conditions become active collaborators in care decisions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                reben
                Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem
                Rev. Bras. Enferm.
                Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0034-7167
                1984-0446
                2021
                : 74
                : 5
                : e20200642
                Affiliations
                [2] Sobral Ceará orgnameUniversidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú Brazil
                [1] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná Brazil
                Article
                S0034-71672021000500152 S0034-7167(21)07400500152
                10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0642
                34105600
                e29b4544-7020-403d-a908-d96bafda037d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 August 2020
                : 01 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 44, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                Informações,Apoio Social,Criança,Família,Transtorno do Espectro Autista,Social Support,Child,Family,Information,Autism Spectrum Disorder,Apoyo Social,Niño,Familia,Acceso a la Información,Trastorno del Espectro Autista

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