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      New Iridoid Derivatives from the Fruits of Cornus officinalis and Their Neuroprotective Activities

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          Abstract

          Three previously undescribed iridoids, cornusfurals A–C, were isolated from the ethanolic extracts of fruits of Cornus officinalis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The neuroprotective activity was evaluated by measuring corticosterone-induced damage in PC12 cells. The results showed that cornusfural B decreased corticosterone-induced PC12 cell damage compared with that in model cells.

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          Bioactive compounds from Cornus officinalis fruits and their effects on diabetic nephropathy.

          Yong-Xian Cheng, Wei Ma, Jing-Fang Ge … (2014)
          The fruit of Cornus officinalis, called "Shanzhuyu", a traditional medicine in China, is used for the treatment of kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-diabetic nephropathy activity of Shanzhuyu and the active compounds in the fruit.
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            Neuroprotective effect of morroniside on focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

            Jingdong Xu, Lei Li, Houxi Ai … (2010)
            Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., known as Shan-zhu-yu in Chinese, has been used to treat cerebrovascular disease and diabetes in Traditional Chinese Medicine for a long time and morroniside is the main component of Shan-zhu-yu. In this study, we examined whether morroniside could protect ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury by minimizing oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis. Morroniside was intragastrically administered to rats in doses of 30, 90 and 270mg/kg/day, starting 3h after the onset of middle cerebral artery occlusion. The behavioral test was performed by using the Zea-Longa scores, Prehensile Traction score and Ludmila Belayer score. Rats were sacrificed 3 days after ischemia occurred. The infarction volume of brain was assessed in the brain slices stained with 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. Cortex tissues were also used for determination of malondialdehyde levels, glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase. The treatment with morroniside significantly improved Zea-Longa scores and Prehensile Traction score at the doses of 30, 90 and 270mg/kg, increased Ludmila Belayer score and reduced the infarction volume at the doses of 90 and 270mg/kg. Morroniside (30, 90 and 270mg/kg) treatment significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde and caspase-3 activity by colorimetric analysis in ischemic cortex tissues. Morroniside (270mg/kg) treatment significantly increased the content of glutathione, enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, but decreased the caspase-3 expression by Western-blot analysis in ischemic cortex tissues. These findings demonstrated that morroniside could notably protect the brain from damage induced by focal cerebral ischemia which might be related to morroniside antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties in the brain. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              The Hypoglycemic and Synergistic Effect of Loganin, Morroniside, and Ursolic Acid Isolated from the Fruits of Cornus officinalis.

              Shanghua Song, Min Feng, Yanzhi Wang … (2016)
              Hypoglycemic activity-guided separation of ethanol extracts from the fruits of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc (CO) led to the isolation of loganin, morroniside, and ursolic acid. The antidiabetic capacity of CO extracts and related compounds was further investigated in diabetes mellitus mice. The results suggested that both CO extracts and pure compounds could ameliorate diabetes-associated damages and complications. Oral administration of loganin and morroniside decreased fasting blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus mice. Ursolic acid exhibited the highest reactive oxygen species scavenging activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Notably, we noticed an interesting synergistic effect between loganin and ursolic acid. Given these favorable hypoglycemic properties, C. officinalis, a food and medicinal plant in China, may be used as a valuable food supplement for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Derek J. McPhee: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 February 2019
                Publication date Collection: February 2019
                Volume: 24
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: 625
                Affiliations
                Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China; jll5927@ 123456163.com (L.-l.J.); shtwanxin@ 123456buu.edu.cn (X.W.); lijinjie.7785004@ 123456163.com (J.-j.L.); xiangjzhong@ 123456163.com (X.-j.Z.); zhangboiww@ 123456163.com (B.Z.); juanjingj2@ 123456163.com (J.J.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: shangxiaoya@ 123456buu.edu.cn ; Tel.: +86-010-6200-4533
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5087-2083
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-24-00625
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030625
                PMC ID: 6384786
                PubMed ID: 30754635
                SO-VID: e2820908-3630-4bad-961f-6a106c91adda
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 13 January 2019
                Date accepted : 03 February 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: cornus officinalis,iridoid,neuroprotective activity
                Data availability:
                Keywords: cornus officinalis, iridoid, neuroprotective activity

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