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      Extract of Cornus officinalis Protects Keratinocytes from Particulate Matter-induced Oxidative Stress

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          Abstract

          The skin is one of the large organs in the human body and the most exposed to outdoor contaminants such as particulate matter < 2.5 µm (PM 2.5). Recently, we reported that PM 2.5 induced cellular macromolecule disruption of lipids, proteins, and DNA, via reactive oxygen species, eventually causing cellular apoptosis of human keratinocytes. In this study, the ethanol extract of Cornus officinalis fruit (EECF) showed anti-oxidant effect against PM 2.5-induced cellular oxidative stress. EECF protected cells against PM 2.5-induced DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation. PM 2.5 up-regulated intracellular and mitochondrial Ca 2+ levels excessively, which led to mitochondrial depolarization and cellular apoptosis. However, EECF suppressed the PM 2.5-induced excessive Ca 2+ accumulation and inhibited apoptosis. The data confirmed that EECF greatly protected human HaCaT keratinocytes from PM 2.5-induced oxidative stress.

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          Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.

          Jun Z. Huang, Yiwei Zhang, Lin Xiao dong … (2018)
          Cornus officinalis (Cornaceae), known in Chinese as "Shanzhuyu," is a frequently used traditional Chinese medicine. It tastes sour and is astringent and slightly warm in nature. Its fruits have long been used to treat kidney deficiency, high blood pressure, waist and knee pain, dizziness, tinnitus, impotence, spermatorrhea, menorrhagia, and other diseases in China. The main distribution areas are Shanxi and Gansu.
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            Skin and soft tissue infection: microbiology and epidemiology.

            Matthew S Dryden (2009)
            Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are common and range in severity from minor, self-limiting, superficial infections to life-threatening diseases requiring all the resources of modern medicine. The classification of SSTIs can be based on the anatomical site, clinical severity or microbial cause, but some classifications divide SSTIs into complicated and uncomplicated infections. Community-acquired SSTIs are most commonly caused by staphylococci or streptococci, but almost any organism is capable of causing inflammation within soft tissue. Recent epidemiological trends have shown an increase not only in healthcare-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), but also in MRSA acquired in the community. Many of the latter strains produce exotoxins and are epidemiologically distinct from healthcare-acquired strains. Factors that may affect the microbial cause include underlying disease such as diabetes or immune dysfunction; hospital attendance, injecting drug use, travel, animal contact and environmental contamination.
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              Screening of medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant activity.

              Jin Hwang, S Lee, T. J. Kim … (2003)
              The methanol extracts of nine medicinal plants traditionally used in Chinese medicine were screened for antioxidant activity versus resveratrol, which has been shown to protect cells from oxidative damage [Toxicol. Lett. 102 (1998) 5]. Most of the plant extracts used in this study inhibited the H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells. The extracts of Areca catechu var. dulcissima, Paeonia suffruticosa, Alpinia officinarum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Cinnamomun cassia strongly enhanced viability against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative damage in V79-4 cells. Relatively high levels of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were detected in extracts of Areca catechu var. dulcissima, Paeonia suffruticosa and Cinnamomun cassia (IC(50) < 6.0 microg/ml). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were dose-dependently enhanced in V79-4 cells treated with most of the plant extracts. The extracts of Areca catechu var. dulcissima showed higher antioxidant activity than resveratrol in all experiments. These results suggest that the plant extracts prevent oxidative damage in normal cells probably because of their antioxidant characteristics.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Med Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Med Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Medical Sciences
                Publisher: Ivyspring International Publisher (Sydney )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1449-1907
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 January 2020
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 63-70
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
                [2 ]Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
                [3 ]Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea.
                [4 ]Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
                Author notes
                ✉ Corresponding author: Jin Won Hyun, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea. Telephone: +82-64-754-3838; Fax: +82-64-754-3838; E-mail: jinwonh@ 123456jejunu.ac.kr .

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

                Article
                Publisher ID: ijmsv17p0063
                DOI: 10.7150/ijms.36476
                PMC ID: 6945560
                PubMed ID: 31929739
                SO-VID: 7c8e3b92-c678-4a03-9a7e-a7ea5dd857f7
                Copyright © © The author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.

                History
                Date received : 8 May 2019
                Date accepted : 8 November 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Research Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: ethanol extract of cornus officinalis fruits (eecf),particulate matter 2.5 (pm2.5),human hacat keratinocytes,oxidative stress
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: ethanol extract of cornus officinalis fruits (eecf), particulate matter 2.5 (pm2.5), human hacat keratinocytes, oxidative stress

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