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      Einfluss eines schwierigen frühkindlichen Temperaments auf die Qualität der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion unter psychosozialen Risikolagen

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung. Die Qualität frühkindlicher häuslicher Lernumwelt, insbesondere mütterlichen Interaktionsverhaltens, ist ein bedeutsamer Prädiktor kindlicher Entwicklung. Die Frage, ob diese Interaktionsqualität durch ein schwieriges Temperament des Kindes reduziert ist, wenn kumulierte Belastungsfaktoren ihre Bewältigungskapazitäten einschränken, wurde an 2190 Fällen der Startkohorte 1 des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) untersucht. Im häuslichen Kontext wurde die Interaktionsqualität über Videoaufnahmen halb-strukturierter Spielsituationen, die übrigen Variablen über computerunterstützte Elterninterviews erhoben, als die Kinder 6 – 8 Monate alt waren. Während in der Nichtrisikogruppe kein Einfluss auf die Interaktionsqualität festzustellen war, zeigte sich in der Risikogruppe (Kumulation von mindestens drei Belastungsfaktoren) ein deutlicher negativer Zusammenhang mit der Neigung des Kindes zu negativen Affektäußerungen, nicht jedoch mit dessen Regulierbarkeit. Negative Affektivität stellt daher besonders in ohnehin gefährdeten Gruppen ein Entwicklungsrisiko dar.

          The Effect of a Difficult Early Child Temperament on the Quality of Mother – Child Interactions With Psychosocial Risk Factors

          Abstract. The quality of the early home learning environment, especially of maternal interaction behavior, strongly influences child development. Our study investigated whether this quality is reduced by a difficult child temperament in the presence of the cumulated strains of maternal coping capacities. We draw on 2,190 cases from Starting Cohort 1 of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) when children were 6 – 8 months old. The quality of parent–child interactions was assessed in the household context by video coding of semistructured play situations, all other variables were examined via computer-assisted interviews. While there was no relationship in the nonrisk sample, in the risk sample (with at least three cumulated strains) children’s negative affectivity but not their regulatory capacities clearly reduced the interaction quality. This suggests that a difficult temperament poses an additional developmental risk for children growing up under demanding circumstances.

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          Poverty impedes cognitive function.

          The poor often behave in less capable ways, which can further perpetuate poverty. We hypothesize that poverty directly impedes cognitive function and present two studies that test this hypothesis. First, we experimentally induced thoughts about finances and found that this reduces cognitive performance among poor but not in well-off participants. Second, we examined the cognitive function of farmers over the planting cycle. We found that the same farmer shows diminished cognitive performance before harvest, when poor, as compared with after harvest, when rich. This cannot be explained by differences in time available, nutrition, or work effort. Nor can it be explained with stress: Although farmers do show more stress before harvest, that does not account for diminished cognitive performance. Instead, it appears that poverty itself reduces cognitive capacity. We suggest that this is because poverty-related concerns consume mental resources, leaving less for other tasks. These data provide a previously unexamined perspective and help explain a spectrum of behaviors among the poor. We discuss some implications for poverty policy.
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            Sensitivity and Attachment: A Meta-Analysis on Parental Antecedents of Infant Attachment

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              Prenatal depression effects on early development: a review.

              This review of recent research on prenatal depression suggests that it is a strong predictor of postpartum depression and is more common than postpartum depression. Prenatal depression has been associated with excessive activity and growth delays in the fetus as well as prematurity, low birthweight, disorganized sleep and less responsiveness to stimulation in the neonate. Infants of depressed mothers have difficult temperament, and later in development attentional, emotional and behavioral problems have been noted during childhood and adolescence, as well as chronic illnesses in adulthood. Several variables have confounded the effects of prenatal depression including comorbid anxiety and anger as well as stressful life events. Potential mediating variables are low prenatal maternal dopamine and serotonin levels and elevated cortisol and norepinephrine. The associated intrauterine artery resistance may limit blood flow, oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Some studies also suggest the heritability of developmental problems for the children of prenatally depressed mothers, including ADHD and antisocial behavior. Multivariate, longitudinal research is needed to disentangle these confounding and mediating variables. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                zep
                Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie
                Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen
                0049-8637
                2190-6262
                2017
                : 49
                : 4
                : 197-209
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Lehrstuhl Psychologie I – Entwicklungspsychologie, Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg
                [ 2 ]Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsverläufe e.V. - Bamberg
                Author notes
                Dipl. Psych. Jan-David Freund, Prof. Dr. Sabine Weinert, Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, Lehrstuhl für Psychologie I, Kapuzinerstraße 16, 96045 Bamberg, E-Mail jan-david.freund@ 123456uni-bamberg.de , E-Mail sabine.weinert@ 123456uni-bamberg.de
                Dr. Anja Linberg, Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsverläufe e.V., Wilhelmsplatz 3, 96047 Bamberg, E-Mail anja.linberg@ 123456lifbi.de
                Article
                zep_49_4_197
                10.1026/0049-8637/a000181
                e20b9f25-8a47-4be0-a81c-9577ceb99bae
                Copyright @ 2017
                History
                Categories
                Originalarbeit

                Psychology,Family & Child studies,Development studies,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                häusliche Lernumwelt,Temperament,Interaktionsqualität,frühe Kindheit,temperament,interaction quality,home learning environment,infancy

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