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      Recent molecular techniques for the diagnosis of Zika and Chikungunya infections: A systematic review

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          Abstract

          Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are arboviruses that cause important viral diseases affecting the world population. Both viruses can produce remarkably similar clinical manifestations, co-circulate in a geographic region, and coinfections have been documented, thus making clinical diagnosis challenging. Therefore, it is urgent to have better molecular techniques that allow a differential, sensitive and rapid diagnosis from body fluid samples. This systematic review explores evidence in the literature regarding the advances in the molecular diagnosis of Zika and Chikungunya in humans, published from 2010 to March 2021. Four databases were consulted (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) and a total of 31 studies were included according to the selection criteria. Our analysis highlights the need for standardization in the report and interpretation of new promising diagnostic methods. It also examines the benefits of new alternatives for the molecular diagnosis of these arboviruses, in contrast to established methods.

          Abstract

          Chikungunya, Zika, Nucleic acid amplification techniques, Molecular diagnosis.

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          The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

          Matthew J L Page, Joanne E McKenzie, Patrick Bossuyt … (2025)
          The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews.
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            QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies.

            Penny F Whiting, Anne Rutjes, Marie E Westwood … (2011)
            In 2003, the QUADAS tool for systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy studies was developed. Experience, anecdotal reports, and feedback suggested areas for improvement; therefore, QUADAS-2 was developed. This tool comprises 4 domains: patient selection, index test, reference standard, and flow and timing. Each domain is assessed in terms of risk of bias, and the first 3 domains are also assessed in terms of concerns regarding applicability. Signalling questions are included to help judge risk of bias. The QUADAS-2 tool is applied in 4 phases: summarize the review question, tailor the tool and produce review-specific guidance, construct a flow diagram for the primary study, and judge bias and applicability. This tool will allow for more transparent rating of bias and applicability of primary diagnostic accuracy studies.
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              Multiplexed and portable nucleic acid detection platform with Cas13, Cas12a, and Csm6

              Omar Abudayyeh, Max J. Kellner, Julia Joung … (2018)
              Rapid detection of nucleic acids is integral for clinical diagnostics and biotechnological applications. We recently developed a platform termed SHERLOCK (Specific High Sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter UnLOCKing) that combines isothermal pre-amplification with Cas13 to detect single molecules of RNA or DNA. Through characterization of CRISPR enzymology and application development, we report here four advances integrated into SHERLOCKv2: 1) 4-channel single reaction multiplexing using orthogonal CRISPR enzymes; 2) quantitative measurement of input down to 2 aM; 3) 3.5-fold increase in signal sensitivity by combining Cas13 with Csm6, an auxilary CRISPR-associated enzyme; and 4) lateral flow read-out. SHERLOCKv2 can detect Dengue or Zika virus ssRNA as well as mutations in patient liquid biopsy samples via lateral flow, highlighting its potential as a multiplexable, portable, rapid, and quantitative detection platform of nucleic acids.
              Article 0 comments Cited 675 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Juan C. Sepúlveda-Arias
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Heliyon
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Heliyon
                Title: Heliyon
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2405-8440
                Publication date PMC-release: 13 August 2022
                Publication date Collection: August 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 August 2022
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: e10225
                Affiliations
                [1]Grupo Infección e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author. jcsepulv@ 123456utp.edu.co
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2405-8440(22)01513-4 Publisher ID: e10225
                DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10225
                PMC ID: 9404361
                SO-VID: e1bcc20c-9123-40c1-98ef-54738be2f74f
                Copyright © © 2022 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 25 January 2022
                Date revision received : 5 April 2022
                Date accepted : 3 August 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: chikungunya,zika,nucleic acid amplification techniques,molecular diagnosis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: chikungunya, zika, nucleic acid amplification techniques, molecular diagnosis

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