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      Condensation of Exciton–Polaritons in a Bound State in the Continuum: Effects of the Excitation Spot Size and Polariton Transport

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          Abstract

          We report the formation of polariton condensates from strongly coupled molecules to bound states in the continuum with quadrupolar character in a metasurface of silicon nanoparticles. Our experiments demonstrate a strong dependence of the condensation threshold on the excitation spot size. The condensation threshold decreases as the excitation spot size increases, achieving thresholds below 3 μm cm –2 for spot sizes of around 1 mm 2 and condensate lifetimes exceeding 20 ps. The strong dependence of the condensation threshold on the spot size is caused by the long propagation length of the polaritons. We reproduce this dependence in simulations by including a term for the ballistic transport of exciton–polaritons in the rate equations describing the condensation. These results illustrate the critical role that polariton transport plays in condensation and highlight the relevance of considering the size of the excitation in condensation experiments.

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          Bose-Einstein condensation of microcavity polaritons in a trap.

          We have created polaritons in a harmonic potential trap analogous to atoms in optical traps. The trap can be loaded by creating polaritons 50 micrometers from its center that are allowed to drift into the trap. When the density of polaritons exceeds a critical threshold, we observe a number of signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation: spectral and spatial narrowing, a peak at zero momentum in the momentum distribution, first-order coherence, and spontaneous linear polarization of the light emission. The polaritons, which are eigenstates of the light-matter system in a microcavity, remain in the strong coupling regime while going through this dynamical phase transition.
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            Asymmetric Metasurfaces with High- Q Resonances Governed by Bound States in the Continuum

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              Fano resonances in photonics

              The importance of the Fano resonance concept is recognized across multiple fields of physics. In this Review, Fano resonance is explored in the context of optics, with particular emphasis on dielectric nanostructures and metasurfaces.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ACS Nano
                ACS Nano
                nn
                ancac3
                ACS Nano
                American Chemical Society
                1936-0851
                1936-086X
                09 November 2024
                19 November 2024
                : 18
                : 46
                : 31987-31994
                Affiliations
                []Department of Applied Physics and Science Education and Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
                []Institute for Complex Molecular Systems-ICMS, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, the Netherlands
                [§ ]Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo, 6158510 Kyoto, Japan
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1896-7119
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4597-973X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8038-0968
                Article
                10.1021/acsnano.4c09970
                11580381
                39520678
                e11ae5aa-2bc8-43e6-b0f1-ccb7708d2862
                © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

                Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 23 July 2024
                : 25 October 2024
                : 23 October 2024
                Funding
                Funded by: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, doi 10.13039/501100001691;
                Award ID: JPJSBP120239921
                Funded by: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, doi 10.13039/501100003246;
                Award ID: 680-47-628
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                nn4c09970
                nn4c09970

                Nanotechnology
                bound states in the continuum,lasing,polariton condensation,metasurface,polariton transport

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