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      Pérdida auditiva inducida por ruido en estudiantes de la carrera de odontología Translated title: Noise induced hearing loss in dentistry students

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          Abstract

          Introducción: Los odontólogos se exponen desde su formación universitaria a sonidos potencialmente dañinos en forma rutinaria. Objetivo: Determinar si la presencia de escotoma en las frecuencias 3,4 y 6 kHz está asociada a la exposición a ruido de implementos dentales. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en estudiantes expuestos a ruido en sus actividades prácticas dentales y otro grupo no expuesto. Se realizaron evaluaciones auditivas a ambos grupos, además de una sonometría y dosimetría en el laboratorio dental. Resultados: Se incluyeron 50 estudiantes de odontología expuestos a ruido de implementos dentales y 107 de otras carreras no expuestos. No se observaron diferencias significativas al comparar los umbrales de ambos grupos. Sin embargo, la frecuencia de escotoma en 4 kHz como en 6 kHz del oído izquierdo fue significativamente mayor en el grupo expuesto. Finalmente, la posibilidad de presentar un escotoma en 4 y 6 kHz del oído izquierdo estuvo significativamente asociada a exposición a ruido dental. Conclusión: La exposición a ruido derivado de prácticas dentales está asociado a escotoma en las frecuencias agudas. Sin embargo, la gran mayoría de los sujetos expuestos no evidenció una elevación de los umbrales por sobre el límite considerado normal.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Starting with their time at college, dentists are routinely exposed to potentially harmful sounds. AIM: To determine whether the presence of notch in 3, 4 and 6 kHz frequencies is associated with exposure to noise from dental tools. Material and method: A cross-sectional study was performed with a group of students exposed to noise in their dental practices and with another group that was not exposed. Hearing tests were performed with both groups, along with a sound measurement and dosimetry in the dental laboratory. Results: Fifty dental students were exposed to the noise of dental implements and 107 students were not exposed. No significant differences were observed when comparing the thresholds of both groups. However, the frequency of notch at 4 kHz, as at 6 kHz in the left ear, was significantly higher in the exposed group. Conclusion: Noise exposure derived from dental practices is associated with notch at high frequencies. However, the vast majority of the subjects showed no evidence of a threshold higher than the limit that is considered normal.

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          Acceleration of age-related hearing loss by early noise exposure: evidence of a misspent youth.

          Age-related and noise-induced hearing losses in humans are multifactorial, with contributions from, and potential interactions among, numerous variables that can shape final outcome. A recent retrospective clinical study suggests an age-noise interaction that exacerbates age-related hearing loss in previously noise-damaged ears (Gates et al., 2000). Here, we address the issue in an animal model by comparing noise-induced and age-related hearing loss (NIHL; AHL) in groups of CBA/CaJ mice exposed identically (8-16 kHz noise band at 100 dB sound pressure level for 2 h) but at different ages (4-124 weeks) and held with unexposed cohorts for different postexposure times (2-96 weeks). When evaluated 2 weeks after exposure, maximum threshold shifts in young-exposed animals (4-8 weeks) were 40-50 dB; older-exposed animals (> or =16 weeks) showed essentially no shift at the same postexposure time. However, when held for long postexposure times, animals with previous exposure demonstrated AHL and histopathology fundamentally unlike unexposed, aging animals or old-exposed animals held for 2 weeks only. Specifically, they showed substantial, ongoing deterioration of cochlear neural responses, without additional change in preneural responses, and corresponding histologic evidence of primary neural degeneration throughout the cochlea. This was true particularly for young-exposed animals; however, delayed neuropathy was observed in all noise-exposed animals held 96 weeks after exposure, even those that showed no NIHL 2 weeks after exposure. Data suggest that pathologic but sublethal changes initiated by early noise exposure render the inner ears significantly more vulnerable to aging.
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            Estimated prevalence of noise-induced hearing threshold shifts among children 6 to 19 years of age: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, United States.

            This analysis estimates the first nationally representative prevalence of noise-induced hearing threshold shifts (NITS) among US children. Historically, NITS has not been considered a common cause of childhood hearing problems. Among children, NITS can be a progressive problem with continued exposure to excessive noise, which can lead to high-frequency sound discrimination difficulties (eg, speech consonants and whistles). The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) was conducted from 1988 to 1994. NHANES III is a national population-based cross-sectional survey with a household interview, audiometric testing at 0.5 to 8 kHz, and compliance testing. A total of 5249 children aged 6 to 19 years completed audiometry and compliance testing for both ears in NHANES III. The criteria used to assess NITS included audiometry indicating a noise notch in at least 1 ear. Of US children 6 to 19 years old, 12.5% (approximately 5.2 million) are estimated to have NITS in 1 or both ears. In the majority of the children meeting NITS criteria, only 1 ear and only 1 frequency are affected. In this analysis, all children identified with NITS passed compliance testing, which essentially rules out middle ear disorders such as conductive hearing loss. The prevalence estimate of NITS differed by sociodemographics, including age and sex. These findings suggest that children are being exposed to excessive amounts of hazardous levels of noise, and children's hearing is vulnerable to these exposures. These data support the need for research on appropriate hearing conservation methods and for NITS screening programs among school-aged children. Public health interventions such as education, training, audiometric testing, exposure assessment, hearing protection, and noise control when feasible are all components of occupational hearing conservation that could be adapted to children's needs with children-specific research.
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              Guidelines on the diagnosis of noise-induced hearing loss for medicolegal purposes.

              These guidelines aim to assist in the diagnosis of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in medicolegal settings. The task is to distinguish between possibility and probability, the legal criterion being 'more probable than not'. It is argued that the amount of NIHL needed to qualify for that diagnosis is that which is reliably measurable and identifiable on the audiogram. The three main requirements for the diagnosis of NIHL are defined: R1, high-frequency hearing impairment; R2, potentially hazardous amount of noise exposure; R3, identifiable high-frequency audiometric notch or bulge. Four modifying factors also need consideration: MF1, the clinical picture; MF2, compatibility with age and noise exposure; MF3, Robinson's criteria for other causation; MF4, complications such as asymmetry, mixed disorder and conductive hearing impairment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                orl
                Revista de otorrinolaringología y cirugía de cabeza y cuello
                Rev. Otorrinolaringol. Cir. Cabeza Cuello
                Sociedad Chilena de Otorrinolaringología, Medicina y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-4816
                December 2013
                : 73
                : 3
                : 249-256
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversidad San Sebastián orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Escuela de Fonoaudiología Chile eduardo.fuentes@ 123456uss.cl
                [05] orgnameUniversidad de Chile Chile
                [04] orgnameHospital Barros Luco Trudeau orgdiv1Servicio de Otorrinolaringología Chile
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Escuela de Salud Pública orgdiv2Programa de Doctorado en Salud Pública Chile
                [03] orgnameUniversidad San Sebastián orgdiv1Facultad de Odontología Chile
                Article
                S0718-48162013000300007 S0718-4816(13)07300300007
                10.4067/S0718-48162013000300007
                dc6894ea-9c6a-4dcd-b573-598c658e17f5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 8
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                SciELO Chile

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                ARTÍCULOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN

                Odontólogos,pérdida auditiva inducida por ruido,estudiantes universitarios,college students,noise-induced hearing loss,Dentists

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