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      Sex differences in the epidemiology, clinical features, and pathophysiology of migraine.

      1 , 2
      The Lancet. Neurology
      Elsevier BV

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          Abstract

          Migraine is two to three times more prevalent in women than men, and women report a longer attack duration, increased risk of headache recurrence, greater disability, and a longer period of time required to recover. Conditions recognised to be comorbid with migraine include asthma, anxiety, depression, and other chronic pain conditions, and these comorbidities add to the amount of disability in both sexes. Migraine-specifically migraine with aura-has been identified as a risk factor for vascular disorders, particularly in women, but because of the scarcity of data, the comparative risk in men has yet to be established. There is evidence implicating the role of female sex hormones as a major factor in determining migraine risk and characteristics, which accounts for sex differences, but there is also evidence to support underlying genetic variance. Although migraine is often recognised in women, it is underdiagnosed in men, resulting in suboptimal management and less participation of men in clinical trials.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Lancet Neurol
          The Lancet. Neurology
          Elsevier BV
          1474-4465
          1474-4422
          Jan 2017
          : 16
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Neurology and Head and Neck Research Group, Research Centre, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
          [2 ] Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK. Electronic address: e.macgregor@qmul.ac.uk.
          Article
          S1474-4422(16)30293-9
          10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30293-9
          27836433
          d7b594fc-ffb1-4119-8093-32fa2594755e
          History

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