Prevalence of Toxocara Spp. eggs in Public Parks in Tehran City, Iran

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Abstract

Background

The objective of the present research was to determine the frequency of Toxocara spp. eggs in soil samples of public parks, in the city of Tehran, Iran.

Methods

A total of 600 soil samples were taken from 120 parks between Aprils to November, 2008. Soil samples were collected from 5 distinct sites in the parks. The samples were washed with saline solution and the collected sediment from each park were equally divided and examined by floatation and Petri dish methods for Toxocara eggs.

Results

Ten percent were contaminated with Toxocara spp. eggs. The number of observed Toxocara eggs in each microscopic field was varied from 1-3. No significant differences were observed between floatation and Petri dish methods.

Conclusion

Our public parks showed a high risk of toxocariasis and the need for preventive studies.

Related collections

Most cited references 29

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Aspects of Toxocara epidemiology: human toxocarosis.

Paul A. M. Overgaauw, Virbac Nederland (2008)

Toxocarosis is the clinical disease in man caused by infection of zoonotic roundworms of dogs and cats, Toxocara canis and T. cati. In this review the mode of transmission to the human by oral ingestion of Toxocara eggs from the environment is discussed. T. cati seems to play a more important role than generally suggested. Direct contact with animals is not considered a potential risk because embryonation of excreted Toxocara ova requires a minimum of 2 weeks. For the same reason there is no relationship expected between infection and exposure to dogs and cats in the household. Children more frequently have clinical symptoms because of the closer contact with contaminated soil in yards and sandpits, the lack of hygiene, and because of eating dirt. Toxocara larval migration in the body can cause various clinical syndromes. Visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, and covert toxocarosis are described. Serodiagnostic techniques are reliable tools to detect antibodies or antigens. Systemic treatment with anthelmintics is described but can result in hypersensitivity reactions caused by dying larvae. For ocular lesions, laser photocoagulation and corticosteroid therapy are described. Preventive measures consist of preventing contamination of the environment with Toxocara eggs and for education of pet owners and non-pet owners to increase awareness about potential zoonotic hazards. Veterinary practitioners, general practitioners, and public health agencies should therefore provide sufficient information and advice.

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Aspects of Toxocara epidemiology: human toxocarosis

PAM Overgaauw, P.A.M OVERGAAUW, PA OVERGAAUW … (1997)

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Families, parks, gardens and toxocariasis.

P O’Connor, Eric Holland, Derek Smith … (1991)

Toxocara canis antibody titres were measured in members of 30 families. 73/140 (52.1%) family members were seropositive for T. canis at a dilution greater than or equal to 1:50 and 11 (7.8%) had reciprocal titres greater than or equal to 800. Toxocara ova were sought (a) in relation to the 30 families and (b) in the community. No toxocara ova were found in household dust samples. 38% of family gardens contained toxocara ova while 6% of soil samples from public parks and open spaces around housing estates were positive. None of the faecal specimens from pet dogs were positive for toxocara ova as compared to 6.2% of stray dogs. 5.3% of canine faecal samples from the streets contained toxocara ova. In this study household garden soil was a potentially greater source of toxocara infection than soil in public parks and open spaces.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran J Parasitol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran J Parasitol

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJPA

Title: Iranian Journal of Parasitology

Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences

ISSN (Print): 1735-7020

ISSN (Electronic): 2008-238X

Publication date (Print): 2012

Volume: 7

Issue: 3

Pages: 38-42

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran

[2 ]Department of Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Author notes

[* ] Corresponding author: E-mail: Khazan_h36@ 123456yahoo.co.in

Article

Publisher ID: IJPA-7-038

PMC ID: 3469170

PubMed ID: 23109960

SO-VID: d62273ce-36d2-41b7-a71b-1e563e9923f2

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Prevalence of Toxocara Spp. eggs in Public Parks in Tehran City, Iran

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Related collections

Malaria vaccine development

Most cited references 29

Aspects of Toxocara epidemiology: human toxocarosis.

Aspects of Toxocara epidemiology: human toxocarosis

Families, parks, gardens and toxocariasis.

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