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      Detection of Toxocara spp. Eggs in the Soil of Public Places in and Around of Ardabil City, Northwestern Iran

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Human toxocariasis is contained in the list of neglected diseases. The infection occurs after ingestion of embryonated eggs in contaminated soil. The present study was carried out to estimate the extent of soil contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs in the public places.

          Methods:

          Soil samples were collected randomly from 41 public places in various parts in and around of Ardabil, Iran, between March 2013 and March 2014. Data were examined by microscopy following sodium nitrate flotation.

          Results:

          Of the 200 collected soil samples, 35 (17.5%) were positive for soil parasites. The eggs of Toxocara spp. were found in 14 (7%) soil samples.

          Conclusion:

          This investigation gives baseline knowledge regarding soil contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs in Ardabil city and provides information for local control of toxocariasis.

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          Environmental contamination by canine geohelminths

          Donato Traversa, Antonio Frangipane di Regalbono, Angela Di Cesare … (2014)
          Intestinal nematodes affecting dogs, i.e. roundworms, hookworms and whipworms, have a relevant health-risk impact for animals and, for most of them, for human beings. Both dogs and humans are typically infected by ingesting infective stages, (i.e. larvated eggs or larvae) present in the environment. The existence of a high rate of soil and grass contamination with infective parasitic elements has been demonstrated worldwide in leisure, recreational, public and urban areas, i.e. parks, green areas, bicycle paths, city squares, playgrounds, sandpits, beaches. This review discusses the epidemiological and sanitary importance of faecal pollution with canine intestinal parasites in urban environments and the integrated approaches useful to minimize the risk of infection in different settings.
          Article 0 comments Cited 47 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Families, parks, gardens and toxocariasis.

            P O’Connor, Eric Holland, Derek Smith … (1991)
            Toxocara canis antibody titres were measured in members of 30 families. 73/140 (52.1%) family members were seropositive for T. canis at a dilution greater than or equal to 1:50 and 11 (7.8%) had reciprocal titres greater than or equal to 800. Toxocara ova were sought (a) in relation to the 30 families and (b) in the community. No toxocara ova were found in household dust samples. 38% of family gardens contained toxocara ova while 6% of soil samples from public parks and open spaces around housing estates were positive. None of the faecal specimens from pet dogs were positive for toxocara ova as compared to 6.2% of stray dogs. 5.3% of canine faecal samples from the streets contained toxocara ova. In this study household garden soil was a potentially greater source of toxocara infection than soil in public parks and open spaces.
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              Soil contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs in the public parks from three areas of Khorram Abad, Iran.

              M Zibaei, F. Abdollahpour, M Birjandi … (2010)
              Toxocariasis is a parasitic zoonose caused by the infection of larval nematode Toxocara species. A total of 285 soil samples from January to March 2009 in 18 public parks were collected to test for soil contamination with Toxocara eggs. Soil samples were investigated for the present of Toxocara eggs using sucrose flotation method. Distribution of Toxocara spp. eggs in samples collected from public parks was 63.3%. The highest number of eggs recovered from 200 g of soil was 128. A total 304 eggs were recovered and 42.1% fully developed to embryonated egg stages. The contamination rate in second region in the studied areas was higher than the other regions. A similar tendency was observed in parks size, so that parks higher than 10,000 m2 were more highly contaminated. The present investigation clearly shows that public parks have been contaminated with Toxocara eggs in Khorram Abad, suggesting that care should be taken when using public parks.
              Article 0 comments Cited 15 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran J Parasitol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran J Parasitol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJPA
                Journal ID (pmc): IJPA
                Title: Iranian Journal of Parasitology
                Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 1735-7020
                ISSN (Electronic): 2008-238X
                Publication date (Print): Jan-Mar 2017
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 136-142
                Affiliations
                [1. ] Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
                [2. ] Dept. of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondence Email: b.mohammadi@ 123456arums.ac.ir
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijpa-12-136
                PMC ID: 5522691
                PubMed ID: 28761471
                SO-VID: d7b59d99-7620-4075-808b-ef1c143d1b38
                Copyright © Copyright© Iranian Society of Parasitology & Tehran University of Medical Sciences
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 17 March 2016
                Date accepted : 08 August 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Short Communication

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Parasitology
                Keywords: toxocara spp.,eggs,soil,public places,iran
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Parasitology
                Keywords: toxocara spp., eggs, soil, public places, iran

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