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      Na contramão dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável: avaliação da pobreza hídrica na região estuarina do Rio Macaé, Macaé/RJ Translated title: On the opposite way to the objectives of sustainable development goals: assessment of water poverty in the estuary region of the Macaé river, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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          Abstract

          Resumo O rápido crescimento populacional impulsionado pela indústria do petróleo no município de Macaé/RJ, a fiscalização ineficiente e a especulação imobiliária motivaram ocupações ilegais de espaços territoriais especialmente protegidos, como os manguezais estuarinos do Rio Macaé. Objetiva-se comparar as condições de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica e ambiental que caracterizam essas ocupações à luz dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) 1 e 6 da Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas: erradicação da pobreza; e acesso à água potável e ao saneamento, respectivamente. Dada a necessidade de construção de indicadores, para acompanhar o cumprimento das metas associadas aos ODS, propõe-se a aplicação do Índice de Pobreza Hídrica, adaptado às comunidades Ilha Colônia Leocádia e Ilha da Caieira, visando comparar o estado socioambiental dessas ocupações em termos de aderência a condições promotoras de sustentabilidade para a região. Um questionário semiestruturado foi aplicado aos moradores das localidades e os resultados permitiram estimar o IPH, confirmando a situação de grave pobreza hídrica e de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica dos moradores da Ilha Colônia Leocádia em relação aos da Ilha da Caieira. Isto indica uma realidade que caminha na contramão da Agenda 2030 e necessita de políticas públicas promotoras do bem-estar dos estuarinos, focadas no acesso à água, na proteção dos recursos hídricos e nas soluções baseadas na natureza.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The rapid population growth driven by the petroleum industry in the city of Macaé/RJ, inefficient control mechanisms and land speculation motivated illegal occupations of specially protected territorial spaces, such as Macaé river’s mangroves. The objective is to compare the conditions of socio-economic and environmental vulnerability that characterize these occupations in the light of the Sustainable Development Goals (SGD) 1 and 6 of the 2030 Agenda : poverty eradication; access to drinking water and sanitation. Given the need to construct indicators, to monitor compliance with the goals associated with SGDs, the application of the Water Poverty Index (WPI) is proposed, adapted to the Communities colony Leocádia Island and Caieira’s Island, aiming to compare the state Environmental impacts of these occupations in terms of adherence to sustainability-promoting conditions for this region. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to residents of the localities and the results allowed WPI estimation, confirming the situation of severe water poverty and socio-economic vulnerability of the residents of the island of colony Leocádia compared to the island of Caieira, indicating a reality that goes against the 2030 Agenda, demanding public policies promoting estuarine population’s well-being, focused on access to water, protection of hydrous resources and solutions based on nature.

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          From millennium development goals to sustainable development goals.

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            Calculating a Water Poverty Index

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              The measurement of water scarcity: Defining a meaningful indicator

              Metrics of water scarcity and stress have evolved over the last three decades from simple threshold indicators to holistic measures characterising human environments and freshwater sustainability. Metrics commonly estimate renewable freshwater resources using mean annual river runoff, which masks hydrological variability, and quantify subjectively socio-economic conditions characterising adaptive capacity. There is a marked absence of research evaluating whether these metrics of water scarcity are meaningful. We argue that measurement of water scarcity (1) be redefined physically in terms of the freshwater storage required to address imbalances in intra- and inter-annual fluxes of freshwater supply and demand; (2) abandons subjective quantifications of human environments and (3) be used to inform participatory decision-making processes that explore a wide range of options for addressing freshwater storage requirements beyond dams that include use of renewable groundwater, soil water and trading in virtual water. Further, we outline a conceptual framework redefining water scarcity in terms of freshwater storage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-017-0912-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                sausoc
                Saúde e Sociedade
                Saude soc.
                Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Associação Paulista de Saúde Pública. (, SP, Brazil )
                0104-1290
                1984-0470
                2020
                : 29
                : 2
                : e190070
                Affiliations
                [1] Macaé Rio de Janeiro orgnameInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Ambiental Brazil edsonavelar@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                S0104-12902020000200310 S0104-1290(20)02900200310
                10.1590/s0104-12902020190070
                d5a4d6a7-c511-48dc-8437-28c8d7cea731

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 February 2020
                : 30 January 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Agenda 2030,Vulnerabilidade Socioeconômica,UN 2030 Agenda,Basic Sanitation,Socioeconomic Vulnerability,Saneamento Básico

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