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      Factors Associated with Activities of Daily Life Disability among Centenarians in Rural Chongqing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

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          Abstract

          Objective: This study aims to ascertain the health and lifestyle factors associated with the activities of daily living (ADL) disability of centenarians in rural Chongqing, China. Method: 564 centenarians living in rural Chongqing were selected for this cross-sectional study. Demographic characteristics and self-reported lifestyle factors were obtained from face-to-face interviews. ADL disability was measured using the Katz Activities of Daily Living Scale. Result: Among the respondents, 65.7% were considered ADL disability centenarians. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that preference for salt, drinking habits, social activities, physical activity, and failure to follow good diet habits were significantly associated with the ADL disability of centenarians. Conclusion: ADL disability of centenarians was associated with certain lifestyle habits. This outcome suggested that target intervention may help maintain ADL independence even among the oldest of the elderly population.

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          Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people: a systematic literature review.

          A Stuck, J M Walthert, T Nikolaus … (1999)
          To lay the groundwork for devising, improving and implementing strategies to prevent or delay the onset of disability in the elderly, we conducted a systematic literature review of longitudinal studies published between 1985 and 1997 that reported statistical associations between individual base-line risk factors and subsequent functional status in community-living older persons. Functional status decline was defined as disability or physical function limitation. We used MEDLINE, PSYCINFO, SOCA, EMBASE, bibliographies and expert consultation to select the articles, 78 of which met the selection criteria. Risk factors were categorized into 14 domains and coded by two independent abstractors. Based on the methodological quality of the statistical analyses between risk factors and functional outcomes (e.g. control for base-line functional status, control for confounding, attrition rate), the strength of evidence was derived for each risk factor. The association of functional decline with medical findings was also analyzed. The highest strength of evidence for an increased risk in functional status decline was found for (alphabetical order) cognitive impairment, depression, disease burden (comorbidity), increased and decreased body mass index, lower extremity functional limitation, low frequency of social contacts, low level of physical activity, no alcohol use compared to moderate use, poor self-perceived health, smoking and vision impairment. The review revealed that some risk factors (e.g. nutrition, physical environment) have been neglected in past research. This review will help investigators set priorities for future research of the Disablement Process, plan health and social services for elderly persons and develop more cost-effective programs for preventing disability among them.
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            Healthy centenarians do not exist, but autonomous centenarians do: a population-based study of morbidity among Danish centenarians.

            B Jeune, K Ranberg, M Schroll (2001)
            To assess the prevalence of common illnesses in an unselected population of centenarians. A population-based survey. Denmark. All Danes who celebrated their 100th anniversary between April 1, 1995 and May 31, 1996: 276 persons. All participants (including proxies) were visited at their domicile for an interview (sociodemographic characteristics, activities of daily living, living conditions, need of assistance from other people, former health and current diseases, current medication) and a clinical examination (dementia screening test, heart and lung auscultation, neurological assessment, height and weight, electrocardiogram, arm and ankle blood pressure, assessment of hearing and vision capacity, a short physical performance test, bio-impedance, lung function test, blood test). Further health information was retrieved from medical files and national health registers. Seventy-five percent (207) of eligible subjects participated in the study. Cardiovascular disease was present in 149 (72%) subjects. Osteoarthritis (major joints) was present in 54%, hypertension (> or =140/ > or =90) in 52%, dementia in 51%, and ischemic heart disease in 28%. The mean number of illness was 4.3 (standard deviation (SD) 1.86). Only one subject was identified as being free from any chronic condition or illness. Sixty percent had been treated for illness with high mortality. In 25 autonomous (nondemented, functioning well physically, living at home) and 182 nonautonomous centenarians, comorbidities were equivalent. Because they have a high prevalence of several common diseases and chronic conditions, Danish centenarians are not healthy. However, a minor proportion was identified as being cognitively intact and functioning well.
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              Centenarians as a model for healthy aging

              C Franceschi, M BonaFe (2003)
              Article 0 comments Cited 71 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijerph
                Title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Print): 1661-7827
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-4601
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 November 2017
                Publication date (Print): November 2017
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1364
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; m17749945967@ 123456163.com (T.W.); kkllu001@ 123456126.com (L.Lu); sky501230032@ 123456sina.com (L.Luo); zenghuan586@ 123456aliyun.com (H.Z.); 13452410655@ 123456163.com (L.H.)
                [2 ]Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
                [3 ]Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
                [4 ]Department of Social Work and Social Administration, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; guoyingqi.hk@ 123456hotmail.com
                [5 ]School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China; ly195024@ 123456163.com
                [6 ]Chongqing Health Education Institute, Chongqing 404000, China; taoqingliu2017@ 123456163.com
                [7 ]Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; zumin.shi@ 123456adelaide.edu.au
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: zhaoyong@ 123456cqmu.edu.cn ; Tel.: +86-138-8346-0842
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-3299
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijerph-14-01364
                DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111364
                PMC ID: 5708003
                PubMed ID: 29120382
                SO-VID: d52af7d9-7d6d-4a44-b93f-4ea7a7dce159
                Copyright © © 2017 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 09 October 2017
                Date accepted : 06 November 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: adl disability,centenarians,lifestyle,rural chongqing
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: adl disability, centenarians, lifestyle, rural chongqing

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