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      NURSING CARE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY: CONTRIBUTIONS OF A REMOTE SPECIALIZATION COURSE Translated title: ENFERMAGEM NO CUIDADO DE PESSOAS COM SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE UMA ESPECIALIZAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA Translated title: ATENCIÓN DE ENFERMERÍA PROVISTA A PERSONAS CON SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD: APORTES DE UN CURSO DE ESPECIALIZACIÓN A DISTANCIA

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the contributions of a specialization course in qualifying nurses for the prevention and care of individuals with overweight and obesity. Method: an evaluative research employing a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, conducted with 289 nurses enrolled in a distance specialization course focusing on the care of individuals with overweight and obesity. Pre-course (2021) and post-course (2022) questionnaires were administered to assess the outcomes of the training regarding knowledge, practices, and perceptions related to the topic, with results being compared between the two time points. The statistical Mann-Whitney test was applied to compare the means. For qualitative data analysis, content analysis was employed. Results: the majority of participants were female, aged between 30 and 39 years, working in Primary Health Care (PHC), and with a status of statutory civil servants. When comparing the means obtained pre and post-course, the majority showed a statistically significant increase, indicating enhanced knowledge regarding the topic, improved qualification in food and nutritional surveillance practices, individual and collective approach, intersectoral interventions, and implementation of the care pathway. There was an improvement in the perception regarding the adequacy of both individual and team fitness in the care, prevention, and control of overweight and obesity. Conclusion: the specialization course contributed to enhancing nurses' performance in the care of individuals with overweight in primary care settings. There was an acquisition of knowledge, sensitization, and broadening of perspectives regarding disease management. The nurses were equipped with the necessary tools for food and nutritional surveillance practice, utilization of health information systems, and implementation of individual, collective, and intersectoral activities.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as contribuições de um curso de especialização na qualificação dos enfermeiros para a prevenção e o cuidado de pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade. Método: pesquisa avaliativa, de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, realizada com 289 enfermeiros de curso de especialização à distância para atenção de pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade. Foram aplicados questionários pré-curso (2021) e pós-curso (2022) sobre os resultados da formação acerca dos conhecimentos, das práticas e das percepções sobre a temática, e comparados os resultados. Para comparação das médias foi aplicado teste estatístico de Mann Whitney. Para análise de dados qualitativos, aplicou-se a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: predominaram participantes do sexo feminino, com idade entre 30 e 39 anos, atuantes na APS e com vínculo de servidor estatutário. Ao comparar as médias obtidas pré e pós-curso, a maioria apresentou aumento com significância estatística, representando aumento do conhecimento acerca do tema, qualificação das práticas de vigilância alimentar e nutricional, da abordagem individual, coletiva, intersetorial e da implementação da linha de cuidado. Houve melhoria na percepção sobre a aptidão própria e da equipe, no cuidado, na prevenção e no controle do sobrepeso e da obesidade. Conclusão: o curso de especialização contribuiu para atuação dos enfermeiros no cuidado de pessoas com excesso de peso na atenção primária. Houve aquisição de conhecimento, sensibilização e ampliação do olhar sobre a abordagem da doença. Os enfermeiros foram instrumentalizados para prática de vigilância alimentar e nutricional, uso dos sistemas de informação em saúde, realização de atividades individuais, coletivas e intersetoriais.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los aportes de un curso de especialización en la calificación de los enfermeros con fines preventivos y para la atención de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad. Método: investigación evaluativa con enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, realizada con 289 enfermeros que asistieron a un curso de especialización a distancia para la atención de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad. Se aplicaron cuestionarios antes (2021) y después (2022) del curso sobre los resultados de la capacitación acerca de los conocimientos, las prácticas y las percepciones sobre la temática, además de contrastarse los resultados. Para comparar los valores medios se aplicó la prueba estadística de Mann Whitney. Para analizar los datos cualitativos se aplicó análisis de contenido. Resultados: hubo predominio de participantes del sexo femenino, de entre 30 y 39 años de edad, activos en APS y con vínculos laborales estatutarios. Al comparar los valores medios obtenidos antes y después del curso, la mayoría presentó un aumento estadísticamente significativo, representando una mejora en el conocimiento acerca del tema, de la calificación de las prácticas de vigilancia alimentaria y nutricional, del enfoque individual, colectivo e intersectorial y de la implementación de la línea de cuidado. Se registró una mayor percepción sobre la aptitud propia y del equipo, tanto en la atención y la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad como en su control. Conclusión: el curso de especialización contribuyó a perfeccionar el accionar de los enfermeros en la atención provista a personas con exceso de peso en el nivel de Atención Primaria de la Salud. Los participantes adquirieron conocimientos, se sensibilizaron con respecto al tema y expandieron su perspectiva sobre cómo abordar la enfermedad. Se equipó a los enfermeros para que pongan en práctica la vigilancia alimentaria y nutricional, utilicen los sistemas de información en salud y realicen actividades individuales, colectivas e intersectoriales.

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          Most cited references29

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          Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years.

          Background While the rising pandemic of obesity has received significant attention in many countries, the effect of this attention on trends and the disease burden of obesity remains uncertain. Methods We analyzed data from 67.8 million individuals to assess the trends in obesity and overweight prevalence among children and adults between 1980 and 2015. Using the Global Burden of Disease study data and methods, we also quantified the burden of disease related to high body mass index (BMI), by age, sex, cause, and BMI level in 195 countries between 1990 and 2015. Results In 2015, obesity affected 107.7 million (98.7-118.4) children and 603.7 million (588.2- 619.8) adults worldwide. Obesity prevalence has doubled since 1980 in more than 70 countries and continuously increased in most other countries. Although the prevalence of obesity among children has been lower than adults, the rate of increase in childhood obesity in many countries was greater than the rate of increase in adult obesity. High BMI accounted for 4.0 million (2.7- 5.3) deaths globally, nearly 40% of which occurred among non-obese. More than two-thirds of deaths related to high BMI were due to cardiovascular disease. The disease burden of high BMI has increased since 1990; however, the rate of this increase has been attenuated due to decreases in underlying cardiovascular disease death rates. Conclusions The rapid increase in prevalence and disease burden of elevated BMI highlights the need for continued focus on surveillance of BMI and identification, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions to address this problem.
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            Strengthening of accountability systems to create healthy food environments and reduce global obesity.

            To achieve WHO's target to halt the rise in obesity and diabetes, dramatic actions are needed to improve the healthiness of food environments. Substantial debate surrounds who is responsible for delivering effective actions and what, specifically, these actions should entail. Arguments are often reduced to a debate between individual and collective responsibilities, and between hard regulatory or fiscal interventions and soft voluntary, education-based approaches. Genuine progress lies beyond the impasse of these entrenched dichotomies. We argue for a strengthening of accountability systems across all actors to substantially improve performance on obesity reduction. In view of the industry opposition and government reluctance to regulate for healthier food environments, quasiregulatory approaches might achieve progress. A four step accountability framework (take the account, share the account, hold to account, and respond to the account) is proposed. The framework identifies multiple levers for change, including quasiregulatory and other approaches that involve government-specified and government-monitored progress of private sector performance, government procurement mechanisms, improved transparency, monitoring of actions, and management of conflicts of interest. Strengthened accountability systems would support government leadership and stewardship, constrain the influence of private sector actors with major conflicts of interest on public policy development, and reinforce the engagement of civil society in creating demand for healthy food environments and in monitoring progress towards obesity action objectives.
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              A systematic literature review on obesity: Understanding the causes & consequences of obesity and reviewing various machine learning approaches used to predict obesity.

              Obesity is considered a principal public health concern and ranked as the fifth foremost reason for death globally. Overweight and obesity are one of the main lifestyle illnesses that leads to further health concerns and contributes to numerous chronic diseases, including cancers, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. The World Health Organization also predicted that 30% of death in the world will be initiated with lifestyle diseases in 2030 and can be stopped through the suitable identification and addressing of associated risk factors and behavioral involvement policies. Thus, detecting and diagnosing obesity as early as possible is crucial. Therefore, the machine learning approach is a promising solution to early predictions of obesity and the risk of overweight because it can offer quick, immediate, and accurate identification of risk factors and condition likelihoods. The present study conducted a systematic literature review to examine obesity research and machine learning techniques for the prevention and treatment of obesity from 2010 to 2020. Accordingly, 93 papers are identified from the review articles as primary studies from an initial pool of over 700 papers addressing obesity. Consequently, this study initially recognized the significant potential factors that influence and cause adult obesity. Next, the main diseases and health consequences of obesity and overweight are investigated. Ultimately, this study recognized the machine learning methods that can be used for the prediction of obesity. Finally, this study seeks to support decision-makers looking to understand the impact of obesity on health in the general population and identify outcomes that can be used to guide health authorities and public health to further mitigate threats and effectively guide obese people globally.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                tce
                Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem
                Texto contexto - enferm.
                Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem (, SC, Brazil )
                0104-0707
                1980-265X
                2024
                : 33
                : e20230297
                Affiliations
                [2] Lages SC orgnameUniversidade do Planalto Catarinense orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Saúde Brasil
                [1] Florianópolis Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva Brazil
                Article
                S0104-07072024000100215 S0104-0707(24)03300000215
                10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2023-0297en
                d3ca8d6a-55f2-4da6-b98e-7ea84d9b1f9b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 February 2024
                : 29 September 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Obesity,Education at a distance,Sobrepeso,Obesidade,Educação à distância,Enfermagem em saúde comunitária,Atenção primária à saúde,Overweight,Nursing in community health,Primary health care,Obesidad,Educación a distancia,Enfermería en salud comunitaria,Atención primaria de la salud

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