The Utility of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies: A Literature Review

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Abstract

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used to provide respiratory and/or circulatory support for critically ill patients. In people suffering from hematologic malignancies (HMs), acute respiratory failure often necessitates intensive care. Whereas initial studies reported that these patients generally have poor outcomes, studies conducted within the last 10 years have shown that ECMO is quite beneficial for patients with HMs. This review showcases data from 2010 to 2019 demonstrating the utility of ECMO in cancer patients. Retrospective studies revealed long-term disease-free survival, particularly when ECMO served as a bridge through chemotherapy. Case reports suggested strong evidence of mortality benefit from ECMO, especially in patients with aggressive lymphomas. However, a systematic approach is needed to better quantify and validate these findings. Studies with larger sample size and prospective cohorts are needed to help create well-defined guidelines for physicians approaching the treatment of cancer patients on ECMO.

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Most cited references 23

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Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) review of a lifesaving technology.

George Makdisi, I-Wen Wang (2015)

Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) indications and usage has strikingly progressed over the last 20 years; it has become essential tool in the care of adults and children with severe cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction refractory to conventional management. In this article we will provide a review of ECMO development, clinical indications, patients' management, options and cannulations techniques, complications, outcomes, and the appropriate strategy of organ management while on ECMO.

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Infections occurring during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use in adult patients.

Hsin-Yun Sun, Wen-Je Ko, Pi-Ru Tsai … (2010)

The application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults has been increasing, but infections occurring during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use are rarely described. We retrospectively analyzed the prospectively collected data on nosocomial infection surveillance of 334 patients aged 16 years or more undergoing their first extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for more than 48 hours at a university hospital from 1996 to 2007 for respiratory (20.4%) and cardiac (79.6%) support. During a total of 2559 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation days, 55 episodes of infections occurred in 45 patients (13.5%), including 38 bloodstream (14.85 per 1000 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation days), 6 surgical site, 4 respiratory tract, 3 urinary tract, and 4 other infections. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (16.7%) and Candida species (14.6%) were the predominant blood isolates. In stepwise logistic regression analysis, longer duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use (odds ratio 1.003; 95% confidence interval, 1.001-1.005; P = .004), mechanical complications (odds ratio, 4.849; 95% confidence interval, 1.569-14.991; P = .006), autoimmune disease (odds ratio, 6.997; 95% confidence interval, 1.541-31.766; P = .012), and venovenous mode (odds ratio, 4.473; 95% confidence interval, 1.001-19.977; P = .050) were independently associated with a higher risk for infections during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use. Overall in-hospital mortality was 68.3%, and its independent risk factors included older age (odds ratio, 1.037; 95% confidence interval, 1.021-1.054; P < .001), neurologic complications (odds ratio, 51.153; 95% confidence interval, 6.773-386.329; P < .001), and vascular complications (odds ratio, 1.922; 95% confidence interval, 1.112-3.320; P < .001), but not infections during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use. Bloodstream infection was the most common infection during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use. Duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, mechanical complications, autoimmune disease, and venovenous mode seemed to be independently associated with infections. Copyright © 2010 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Noninvasive versus invasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure in patients with hematologic malignancies: a 5-year multicenter observational survey.

Guido Bertolini, S Rogante, R Gristina … (2011)

Mortality is high among patients with hematologic malignancies admitted to intensive care units for acute respiratory failure. Early noninvasive mechanical ventilation seems to improve outcomes. To characterize noninvasive mechanical ventilation use in Italian intensive care units for acute respiratory failure patients with hematologic malignancies and its impact on outcomes vs. invasive mechanical ventilation. Retrospective analysis of observational data prospectively collected in 2002-2006 on 1,302 patients with hematologic malignancies admitted with acute respiratory failure to 158 Italian intensive care units. Mortality (intensive care unit and hospital) was assessed in patients treated initially with noninvasive mechanical ventilation vs. invasive mechanical ventilation and in those treated with invasive mechanical ventilation ab initio vs. after noninvasive mechanical ventilation failure. Findings were adjusted for propensity scores reflecting the probability of initial treatment with noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Few patients (21%) initially received noninvasive mechanical ventilation; 46% of these later required invasive mechanical ventilation. Better outcomes were associated with successful noninvasive mechanical ventilation (vs. invasive mechanical ventilation ab initio and vs. invasive mechanical ventilation after noninvasive mechanical ventilation failure), particularly in patients with acute lung injury/adult respiratory distress syndrome (mortality: 42% vs. 69% and 77%, respectively). Delayed vs. immediate invasive mechanical ventilation was associated with slightly but not significantly higher hospital mortality (65% vs. 58%, p=.12). After propensity-score adjustment, noninvasive mechanical ventilation was associated with significantly lower mortality than invasive mechanical ventilation. The population could not be stratified according to specific hematologic diagnoses. Furthermore, the study was observational, and treatment groups may have included unaccounted for differences in covariates although the risk of this bias was minimized with propensity score regression adjustment. In patients with hematologic malignancies, acute respiratory failure should probably be managed initially with noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Further study is needed to determine whether immediate invasive mechanical ventilation might offer some benefits for those with acute lung injury/adult respiratory distress syndrome.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cureus

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cureus

Journal ID (issn): 2168-8184

Title: Cureus

Publisher: Cureus (Palo Alto (CA) )

ISSN (Electronic): 2168-8184

Publication date (Electronic, pub): 10 July 2020

Publication date (Electronic, collection): July 2020

Volume: 12

Issue: 7

Electronic Location Identifier: e9118

Affiliations

[1 ] Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago/Advocate Christ Medical Center, Chicago, USA

[2 ] Hematology and Oncology, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Chicago, USA

[3 ] Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago/Advocate Christ Medical Center, Chicago, USA

Author notes

Praveena Tathineni praveena.tathineni@ 123456gmail.com

Article

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9118

PMC ID: 7364401

PubMed ID: 32685324

SO-VID: d1bb8cd2-b23f-496a-95da-a5d77c9b23d5

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

History

Date received : 29 June 2020

Date accepted : 10 July 2020

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