Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> Q7 on Gut Microbiota and Ulcerative Colitis in Mice

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Abstract

Probiotics plays an important role in regulating gut microbiota and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from probiotics have emerged as potential mediators of host immune response and anti-inflammatory effect. However, the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of probiotics derived EVs on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. In this study, the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Q7-derived extracellular vesicles (Q7-EVs) on gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation was investigated in C57BL/6J mice. The results showed that Q7-EVs alleviated DSS-induced colitis symptoms, including colon shortening, bleeding, and body weight loss. Consumption of Q7-EVs reduced the degree of histological damage. DSS-upregulated proinflammatory cytokine levels including IL-6, IL-1β, IL-2 and TNF-α were reduced significantly by Q7-EVs ( p < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that Q7-EVs improved the dysregulation of gut microbiota and promoted the diversity of gut microbiota. It was observed that the pro-inflammatory bacteria (Proteobacteria) were reduced and the anti-inflammatory bacteria ( Bifidobacteria and Muribaculaceae) were increased. These findings indicated that Q7-EVs might alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating the gut microbiota.

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Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions

María Yañez-Mó, Pia Siljander, Zoraida Andreu … (2015)

In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This is due to their capacity to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, thereby influencing various physiological and pathological functions of both recipient and parent cells. While intensive investigation has targeted the role of EVs in different pathological processes, for example, in cancer and autoimmune diseases, the EV-mediated maintenance of homeostasis and the regulation of physiological functions have remained less explored. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the physiological roles of EVs, which has been written by crowd-sourcing, drawing on the unique EV expertise of academia-based scientists, clinicians and industry based in 27 European countries, the United States and Australia. This review is intended to be of relevance to both researchers already working on EV biology and to newcomers who will encounter this universal cell biological system. Therefore, here we address the molecular contents and functions of EVs in various tissues and body fluids from cell systems to organs. We also review the physiological mechanisms of EVs in bacteria, lower eukaryotes and plants to highlight the functional uniformity of this emerging communication system.

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Gram-positive bacteria produce membrane vesicles: proteomics-based characterization of Staphylococcus aureus-derived membrane vesicles.

Eun-Young Lee, Do-Young Choi, Dae-Kyum Kim … (2009)

Although archaea, Gram-negative bacteria, and mammalian cells constitutively secrete membrane vesicles (MVs) as a mechanism for cell-free intercellular communication, this cellular process has been overlooked in Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we found for the first time that Gram-positive bacteria naturally produce MVs into the extracellular milieu. Further characterizations showed that the density and size of Staphylococcus aureus-derived MVs are both similar to those of Gram-negative bacteria. With a proteomics approach, we identified with high confidence a total of 90 protein components of S. aureus-derived MVs. In the group of identified proteins, the highly enriched extracellular proteins suggested that a specific sorting mechanism for vesicular proteins exists. We also identified proteins that facilitate the transfer of proteins to other bacteria, as well to eliminate competing organisms, antibiotic resistance, pathological functions in systemic infections, and MV biogenesis. Taken together, these observations suggest that the secretion of MVs is an evolutionally conserved, universal process that occurs from simple organisms to complex multicellular organisms. This information will help us not only to elucidate the biogenesis and functions of MVs, but also to develop therapeutic tools for vaccines, diagnosis, and antibiotics effective against pathogenic strains of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Probiotics, gut microbiota, and their influence on host health and disease.

Borja Sánchez, Susana Delgado, Aitor Blanco-Míguez … (2017)

The gastrointestinal tract of mammals hosts a high and diverse number of different microorganisms, known as intestinal microbiota. Many probiotics were originally isolated from the gastrointestinal tract, and they were defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/WHO as "live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host." Probiotics exert their beneficial effects on the host through four main mechanisms: interference with potential pathogens, improvement of barrier function, immunomodulation and production of neurotransmitters, and their host targets vary from the resident microbiota to cellular components of the gut-brain axis. However, in spite of the wide array of beneficial mechanisms deployed by probiotic bacteria, relatively few effects have been supported by clinical data. In this regard, different probiotic strains have been effective in antibiotic-associated diarrhea or inflammatory bowel disease for instance. The aim of this review was to compile the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics, mainly through their interaction with the intestinal microbiota and with the intestinal mucosa. The specific benefits discussed in this paper include among others those elicited directly through dietary modulation of the human gut microbiota.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Haining Hao: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1475017

Lingjun Tong: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1480670

Tongjie Liu: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1135719

Lanwei Zhang: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/732610

Yongjun Xia: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1362869

Lianzhong Ai: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/542283

Huaxi Yi: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/577423

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Immunol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Immunol

Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Immunol.

Title: Frontiers in Immunology

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN (Electronic): 1664-3224

Publication date (Electronic): 02 December 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 12

Electronic Location Identifier: 777147

Affiliations

[1] ¹ College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , Qingdao, China

[2] ² Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai, China

Author notes

Edited by: Christoph Mueller, University of Bern, Switzerland

Reviewed by: Bailiang Li, Northeast Agricultural University, China; Wei Chen, Hefei University of Technology, China; Waliul I. Khan, McMaster University, Canada

*Correspondence: Huaxi Yi, yihx@ 123456ouc.edu.cn

†These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship

This article was submitted to Mucosal Immunity, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology

Article

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777147

PMC ID: 8674835

PubMed ID: 34925349

SO-VID: d12e1c7e-bbec-490f-8763-5c0cb5a9e520

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

History

Date received : 15 September 2021

Date accepted : 16 November 2021

Page count

Figures: 7, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 50, Pages: 10, Words: 3495

Funding

Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China , doi 10.13039/501100001809;

Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Lactobacillus plantarum Q7 on Gut Microbiota and Ulcerative Colitis in Mice

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Abstract

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Bacterial extracellular vesicles

Most cited references 50

Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions

Gram-positive bacteria produce membrane vesicles: proteomics-based characterization of Staphylococcus aureus-derived membrane vesicles.

Probiotics, gut microbiota, and their influence on host health and disease.

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