For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
2
views
33
references
 Top references
cited by
12
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      201
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Neurologic complications of acute hepatitis E virus infection

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Objective

          To assess the prevalence and clinical features of neurologic involvement in patients with acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in Southern Switzerland.

          Methods

          Among 1,940 consecutive patients investigated for acute hepatitis E, we identified 141 cases of acute of HEV infection (anti-HEV immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G both reactive and/or HEV RNA positive) between June 2014 and September 2017. Neurologic cases were followed up for 6 months. We compared patients with and without neurologic symptoms.

          Results

          Neurologic symptoms occurred in 43 acute HEV cases (30.4%) and consisted of neuralgic amyotrophy (NA, n = 15, 10.6%) and myalgia (n = 28, 19.8%). All NA cases were immunocompetent. Men had higher odds (OR = 5.2, CI 1.12–24.0, p = 0.03) of developing NA after infection with HEV, and in 3 couples simultaneously infected with HEV, only men developed NA. Bilateral involvement of NA was predominant (2:1) and occurred only in men. Seven NA cases were viremic (all genotype 3), but HEV was undetectable in their CSF. In the acute phase of NA, 9 patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and 4 with prednisone, reporting no side effects and improvement in pain and strength. Myalgia occurred both without (n = 16) or with (n = 12) concomitant elevated serum creatinine kinase. Seven cases with myalgia in the shoulder girdle did not have muscle weakness (“forme fruste” of NA).

          Conclusions

          Neurologic symptoms occurred in one-third of acute HEV infections and consisted of NA and myalgia. NA seems to occur more frequently in men infected by HEV and has a predominant (but not exclusive) bilateral involvement.

          Related collections

          Most cited references33

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The clinical spectrum of neuralgic amyotrophy in 246 cases.

          Nens van Alfen, G. Der Sahakian (2006)
          We investigated the symptoms, course and prognosis of neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) in a large group of patients with idiopathic neuralgic amyotrophy (INA, n = 199) and hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA, n = 47) to gain more insight into the broad clinical spectrum of the disorder. Several findings from earlier smaller-scale studies were tested, and for the first time the potential differences between the hereditary and idiopathic phenotypes and between males and females were explored. Generally, the course of the pain manifests itself in three consecutive phases with an initial severe, continuous pain lasting for approximately 4 weeks on average. Sensory involvement was quite common and found in 78.4% of patients but was clinically less impairing than the initial pain and subsequent paresis. As a typically patchy disorder NA can affect almost any nerve in the brachial plexus, although damage in the upper and middle trunk distribution with involvement of the long thoracic and/or suprascapular nerve occurred most frequently (71.1%). We found no correlation between the distribution of motor and sensory symptoms. In INA recurrent attacks were found in 26.1% of the patients during an average 6 year follow-up. HNA patients had an earlier onset (28.4 versus 41.3 years), more attacks (mean 3.5 versus 1.5) and more frequent involvement of nerves outside the brachial plexus (55.8 versus 17.3%) than INA patients, and a more severe maximum paresis, with a subsequent poorer functional outcome. In males the initial pain tended to last longer than it did in females (45 versus 23 days). In females the middle or lower parts of the brachial plexus were involved more frequently (23.1 versus 10.5% in males), and their functional outcome was worse. Overall recovery was less favourable than usually assumed, with persisting pain and paresis in approximately two-thirds of the patients who were followed for 3 years or more.
          Article 0 comments Cited 107 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Neuralgic amyotrophy: An update on diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment

            Jeroen Van Eijk, Jan T. Groothuis, Nens van Alfen (2016)
            Article 0 comments Cited 65 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis E virus.

              Nassim Kamar, Olivier Marion, Florence Abravanel … (2016)
              Hepatitis E virus can cause acute, fulminant and chronic hepatitis and has been associated with a range of extrahepatic manifestations. Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuralgic amyotrophy and encephalitis are the main neurological manifestations associated with acute and chronic hepatitis E virus infection. Renal injuries have been also reported, including membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with or without cryoglobulinemia and membranous glomerulonephritis. Acute pancreatitis, haematological disorders and other autoimmune extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis E virus, such as myocarditis and thyroiditis, have been also reported. In this comprehensive article, we review all published reports describing hepatitis E virus-associated extrahepatic manifestations.
              Article 0 comments Cited 50 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Paolo Ripellino:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. But these are specified in the acknowledgment session: 1-ABREOC (EOC) grant 2016 2-NERAB Foundation grant 2016 3-Baasch-Medicus Stiftung grant 2018

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. 1-GBS/CIDP Foundation grant 2018 for research on Guillain- Barré syndrome (IGOS study) This grant support is not related to the present project.

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Emanuela Pasi:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Giorgia Melli:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Claudio Staedler:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Monserrat Fraga:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Darius Moradpour:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. Associate Editor, Journal of Hepatology

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. Swiss National Science Foundation 31003A_179424/1, PI, 2018-2022

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. Novartis Foundation 18B094, PI, 2018-2019

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Roland Sahli:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Vincent Aubert:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Gladys Martinetti:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Florian Bihl:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Enos Bernasconi:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. Advisory board member of following pharmaceutical companies: Gilead Sciences, MSD, ViiV Healthcare, Pfizer, Abbvie, Sandoz

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

                1. Travel grants: Gilead, MSD, Pfizer, Abbvie

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. Only as a member of the advisory boards listed above

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. From following pharmaceutical company: Amgen

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. Swiss National Science Foundation

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Benedetta Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. Clinical Rewievs in Allergy & Immunology, member of the editorial board since 2018

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. Intercept, research grant

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Andreas Cerny:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Harry Roland Dalton:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. GFE Blut MBh: travel and speaker honorariumMecrk: travel and speaker honorariumWantai Biological Enterprise, Beijing, China: travelPaul Ehrlich Institute: travel and speaker honorariumRoche

                Editorial Boards:

                1. BMC infectious Disease, associate editor, 2013-14Journal of Hepatology 2014

                Patents:

                1. HEV viral strain, named Kernow C1, jointly with NIH,Bethesda MD and Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. Final MB, Elsevier, 2005Communication Skill for Final MB, Elsevier, 2005

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. Wantai Biological Enterprise, Beijing, ChinaRoche

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Cinzia Zehnder:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Barbara Mathis:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Chiara Zecca:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

                1. Speaker honoraria or travel funding from Abbvie, Almirall, Biogen Idec, Celgene, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, Teva Pharma, Roche.

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. Speaker honoraria from Abbvie, Almirall, Biogen Idec, Celgene, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, Teva Pharma, Roche.

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. Research grants from the Swiss MS Society.

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Giulio Disanto:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Alain Kaelin-Lang:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. Frontiers in Neurology, associate editor since 2017

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. Swiss Parkinson SWISS FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH ON MUSCLE DISEASES (FSRMM)

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Claudio Gobbi:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. I served as consultant for Merck Serono, Genzyme, Roche and Novartis: these are unrelated to the submitted work

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. I received financial support from Teva, Merck Serono, Biogen Idec, Genzyme, Roche and Novartis: these are unrelated to the submitted work.

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
                Journal ID (hwp): nnn
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NEURIMMINFL
                Title: Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
                Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (Hagerstown, MD )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2332-7812
                Publication date Collection: January 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 05 December 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 05 December 2019
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: e643
                Affiliations
                From the Department of Neurology (P.R., G.M., C.S., C.Z., G.D., A.K.-L., C.G.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, CH; Laboratory of Microbiology EOLAB (E.P., G.M.), Bellinzona, CH; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI (G.M., C.Z., A.K.-L., C.G.), Lugano, CH; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne University Hospital (M.F., D.M.), Lausanne, CH; Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital (R.S.), Lausanne, CH; Laboratory of Immunology, Lausanne University Hospital (V.A.), CH; Department of Hepatology, Hospital of Bellinzona (F.B.), CH; Division of Infectious Diseases (E.B.), Hospital of Lugano, CH; Epatocentro Ticino (B.T.B.-P., A.C.), Lugano, CH; Queens Park (H.R.D.), London, UK; Synlab Ticino (C.Z.), Bioggio, CH; and Unilabs Ticino (B.M.), Lugano, CH.
                Author notes
                Correspondence Dr. Ripellino pao.ripe@ 123456hotmail.it

                Go to Neurology.org/NN for full disclosures. Funding information is provided at the end of the article.

                The Article Processing Charge was funded by the authors.

                Article
                Publisher ID: NEURIMMINFL2019024166
                DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000643
                PMC ID: 6935854
                PubMed ID: 31806684
                SO-VID: cfc12137-61ae-4ba6-93d5-bfe3b9a4ef6b
                Copyright © Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

                History
                Date received : 16 September 2019
                Date accepted : 11 October 2019
                Categories
                Subject: 181
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                OPEN-ACCESS TRUE
                special-property video

                Data availability:

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content201

                See all similar

                Cited by12

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors456

                See all reference authors