Simultaneous multi-location wireless monitoring of sweat lactate trends

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Abstract

Wearable device technologies for sweat analytics present a versatile application for monitoring physiological state, which can circumvent the requirement for inconvenient and invasive blood sampling. This paper reports a miniature electrochemical sensor platform for non-invasive and wireless real-time monitoring of lactate in exercise-induced human sweat. The conformal and low profile sensor platform is composed of (a) a flexible electronic readout tag with wireless charging and data acquisition, and (b) a disposable enzymatic amperometric biosensor patch with electrodes fabricated using high throughput roll-to-roll processing. Data were generated in real time from sensor response to lactate in exercise-induced sweat from multiple body regions simultaneously. The biosensor demonstrates current response proportional to lactate at physiological concentration range between 5 and 30 mM. This developed platform can be adapted for sensing of other sweat constituents including ions or metabolites, and therefore advances wearable technology for personalized physiological monitoring

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Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis.

Wei Gao, Sam Emaminejad, Hnin Nyein … (2016)

Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual's state of health. Sampling human sweat, which is rich in physiological information, could enable non-invasive monitoring. Previously reported sweat-based and other non-invasive biosensors either can only monitor a single analyte at a time or lack on-site signal processing circuitry and sensor calibration mechanisms for accurate analysis of the physiological state. Given the complexity of sweat secretion, simultaneous and multiplexed screening of target biomarkers is critical and requires full system integration to ensure the accuracy of measurements. Here we present a mechanically flexible and fully integrated (that is, no external analysis is needed) sensor array for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis, which simultaneously and selectively measures sweat metabolites (such as glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium ions), as well as the skin temperature (to calibrate the response of the sensors). Our work bridges the technological gap between signal transduction, conditioning (amplification and filtering), processing and wireless transmission in wearable biosensors by merging plastic-based sensors that interface with the skin with silicon integrated circuits consolidated on a flexible circuit board for complex signal processing. This application could not have been realized using either of these technologies alone owing to their respective inherent limitations. The wearable system is used to measure the detailed sweat profile of human subjects engaged in prolonged indoor and outdoor physical activities, and to make a real-time assessment of the physiological state of the subjects. This platform enables a wide range of personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring applications.

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Wearable sweat sensors

Mallika Bariya, Hnin Nyein, Ali Javey (2018)

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Electrochemical tattoo biosensors for real-time noninvasive lactate monitoring in human perspiration.

Wenzhao Jia, Amay J Bandodkar, Gabriela Valdés-Ramírez … (2013)

The present work describes the first example of real-time noninvasive lactate sensing in human perspiration during exercise events using a flexible printed temporary-transfer tattoo electrochemical biosensor that conforms to the wearer's skin. The new skin-worn enzymatic biosensor exhibits chemical selectivity toward lactate with linearity up to 20 mM and demonstrates resiliency against continuous mechanical deformation expected from epidermal wear. The device was applied successfully to human subjects for real-time continuous monitoring of sweat lactate dynamics during prolonged cycling exercise. The resulting temporal lactate profiles reflect changes in the production of sweat lactate upon varying the exercise intensity. Such skin-worn metabolite biosensors could lead to useful insights into physical performance and overall physiological status, hence offering considerable promise for diverse sport, military, and biomedical applications.