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      Polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis improves sepsis-induced acute lung injury by alleviating inflammatory response and down-regulating endocan expression in rats

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          Abstract

          Abstract To explore the favourable functions of polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis (PSP) on sepsis-originated acute lung injury, together with the corresponding mechanisms. 60 male SD rats were randomly separated into sham, sepsis, and sepsis+PSP group with 20 rats in each group. Sepsis rat model was constructed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The mortality and sepsis-related symptoms were used to judge the model success. CLP successfully established the sepsis-caused acute lung injury rat model. In sepsis rats, systemic inflammation and pulmonary inflammation, as well as endocan protein level were increased. PSP treatment improved sepsis-induced acute lung injury and systemic inflammation, and reduced the endocan protein level. Lung injury biomarkers were positively correlated with serum pro-inflammatory factors/serum endocan protein, while serum pro-inflammatory factors were positively associated with serum endocan level. PSP ameliorates acute lung injury via relieving inflammatory response and down-regulating endocan expression in sepsis rat.

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          Cecal ligation and puncture: the gold standard model for polymicrobial sepsis?

          Lien Dejager, Iris Pinheiro, Eline Dejonckheere … (2011)
          Sepsis is a serious medical condition characterized by dysregulated systemic inflammatory responses followed by immunosuppression. To study the pathophysiology of sepsis, diverse animal models have been developed. Polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) is the most frequently used model because it closely resembles the progression and characteristics of human sepsis. Here we summarize the role of several immune components in the pathogenesis of sepsis induced by CLP. However, several therapies proposed on the basis of promising results obtained by CLP could not be translated to the clinic. This demonstrates that experimental sepsis models do not completely mimic human sepsis. We propose several strategies to narrow the gap between experimental sepsis models and clinical sepsis, including targeting factors that contribute to the immunosuppressive phase of sepsis, and reproducing the heterogeneity of human patients. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Sepsis biomarkers: a review

            Charalampos Pierrakos, Jean-Louis Vincent (2010)
            Introduction Biomarkers can be useful for identifying or ruling out sepsis, identifying patients who may benefit from specific therapies or assessing the response to therapy. Methods We used an electronic search of the PubMed database using the key words "sepsis" and "biomarker" to identify clinical and experimental studies which evaluated a biomarker in sepsis. Results The search retrieved 3370 references covering 178 different biomarkers. Conclusions Many biomarkers have been evaluated for use in sepsis. Most of the biomarkers had been tested clinically, primarily as prognostic markers in sepsis; relatively few have been used for diagnosis. None has sufficient specificity or sensitivity to be routinely employed in clinical practice. PCT and CRP have been most widely used, but even these have limited ability to distinguish sepsis from other inflammatory conditions or to predict outcome.
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              Cecal ligation and puncture.

              Irshad Chaudry, W. Hubbard, Kirby Bland … (2005)
              The model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rodents has been used extensively to investigate the clinical settings of sepsis and septic shock. This model produces a hyperdynamic, hypermetabolic state that can lead to a hypodynamic, hypometabolic stage, and eventual death. Blood cultures are positive for enteric organisms very early after CLP. The model has been widely used over the past 26 years and is highly versatile in adapting to a range of severity and testing objectives. It is inexpensive to prepare and technically straightforward. Aspects of sepsis research investigated using CLP include energetics, metabolism, resuscitation, antibiotic therapy, microbial factors, cardiovascular responses, immune function, mediator release, and cytokine expression patterns. The challenge of the small circulating blood volume in rodents can be overcome by using micromethods that enable analysis of small volumes, or alternatively, by using a large number of animals to obtain serial samples.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): cta
                Title: Food Science and Technology
                Abbreviated Title: Food Sci. Technol
                Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (Campinas, SP, Brazil )
                ISSN (Print): 0101-2061
                ISSN (Electronic): 1678-457X
                Publication date (Print and electronic): 2022
                Volume: 42
                Electronic Location Identifier: e01121
                Affiliations
                [01] Beijing orgnameBeijing jingmei Group General Hospital orgdiv1Emergency Department China
                [02] Harbin City Heilongjiang Province orgnameHarbin Medical University Cancer Hospital orgdiv1Department of Pharmacy China
                [03] Harbin City Heilongjiang Province orgnameHarbin Medical University Cancer Hospital orgdiv1Department of Medical Oncology China
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0101-20612022000101414 Publisher ID: S0101-2061(22)04200001414
                DOI: 10.1590/fst.01121
                SO-VID: ceed017e-e32f-46b6-ab34-5db814b9fe3a
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date received : 15 January 2021
                Date accepted : 20 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: endocan,inflammatory response,spirulina platensis,polysaccharide,acute lung injury
                Data availability:
                Keywords: endocan, inflammatory response, spirulina platensis, polysaccharide, acute lung injury

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