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      Longitudinal relationships among problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality and depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: a cross-lagged panel analysis

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          Abstract

          Background

          Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have found that problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms are strongly associated. However, studies are inconsistent regarding whether problematic mobile phone use predicts depressive symptoms or vice versa, and sleep factors have been infrequently focused on in this regard. In addition, few studies have examined the longitudinal associations and directions of effects between these factors. Therefore, this study aims to explore the longitudinal relationship among problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms in college students.

          Methods

          Overall, 1181 college students completed questionnaires on problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms at two time points 12 months apart. A cross-lagged model was used to examine the longitudinal relationship between these factors.

          Results

          Cross-lagged analyses showed significant bidirectional relationships of problematic mobile phone use with bedtime procrastination and depressive symptoms. Additionally, there were also significant bidirectional relationships of sleep quality with bedtime procrastination and depressive symptoms. Problematic mobile phone use predicted subsequent sleep quality one-way, and bedtime procrastination predicted subsequent depressive symptoms one-way.

          Conclusions

          This study further expands our understanding of the longitudinal and bidirectional relationships among problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality and depressive symptoms and helps school mental health educators design targeted interventions to reduce problematic mobile phone use, sleep problems, and depressive symptoms among college students.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12888-021-03451-4.

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          Most cited references104

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          Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives

          Li‐tze Hu, Peter M. Bentler (1999)
          Article 0 comments Cited 11026 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research

            Daniel J. Buysse, Charles Reynolds III, Timothy H Monk … (1989)
            Despite the prevalence of sleep complaints among psychiatric patients, few questionnaires have been specifically designed to measure sleep quality in clinical populations. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month time interval. Nineteen individual items generate seven "component" scores: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction. The sum of scores for these seven components yields one global score. Clinical and clinimetric properties of the PSQI were assessed over an 18-month period with "good" sleepers (healthy subjects, n = 52) and "poor" sleepers (depressed patients, n = 54; sleep-disorder patients, n = 62). Acceptable measures of internal homogeneity, consistency (test-retest reliability), and validity were obtained. A global PSQI score greater than 5 yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 89.6% and specificity of 86.5% (kappa = 0.75, p less than 0.001) in distinguishing good and poor sleepers. The clinimetric and clinical properties of the PSQI suggest its utility both in psychiatric clinical practice and research activities.
            Article 0 comments Cited 5069 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Sensitivity of Goodness of Fit Indexes to Lack of Measurement Invariance

              Fang-Fang Chen (2007)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yongtian Yin: yinyongtian@sdutcm.edu.cn
                Shaojie Li: ii10233972@csu.edu.cn
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Psychiatry
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Psychiatry
                Title: BMC Psychiatry
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-244X
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 September 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 10 September 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 21
                Electronic Location Identifier: 449
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.464402.0, ISNI 0000 0000 9459 9325, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, , Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ; Jinan, 250355 China
                [2 ]GRID grid.464402.0, ISNI 0000 0000 9459 9325, School of Nursing, , Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ; Jinan, 250355 China
                [3 ]GRID grid.216417.7, ISNI 0000 0001 0379 7164, Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, , Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, ; Changsha, 410078 China
                [4 ]GRID grid.464402.0, ISNI 0000 0000 9459 9325, School of Chinese Medicine, , Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ; Jinan, 250355 China
                [5 ]GRID grid.464402.0, ISNI 0000 0000 9459 9325, School of Medicine, , Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ; Jinan, 250355 China
                [6 ]GRID grid.464402.0, ISNI 0000 0000 9459 9325, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, , Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ; Jinan, 250355 China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 3451
                DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03451-4
                PMC ID: 8431882
                PubMed ID: 34507561
                SO-VID: ce7c29c3-7b81-4973-aa94-64db51592bbe
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 11 April 2021
                Date accepted : 28 August 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2021

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: problematic mobile phone use,bedtime procrastination,sleep quality,depressive symptoms,longitudinal relationship
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, longitudinal relationship

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