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      Resynthesizing behavior through phylogenetic refinement

      research-article
      Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
      Springer US
      Cognitive neuroscience, Animal cognition, Neural mechanisms, Evolution

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          Abstract

          This article proposes that biologically plausible theories of behavior can be constructed by following a method of “phylogenetic refinement,” whereby they are progressively elaborated from simple to complex according to phylogenetic data on the sequence of changes that occurred over the course of evolution. It is argued that sufficient data exist to make this approach possible, and that the result can more effectively delineate the true biological categories of neurophysiological mechanisms than do approaches based on definitions of putative functions inherited from psychological traditions. As an example, the approach is used to sketch a theoretical framework of how basic feedback control of interaction with the world was elaborated during vertebrate evolution, to give rise to the functional architecture of the mammalian brain. The results provide a conceptual taxonomy of mechanisms that naturally map to neurophysiological and neuroanatomical data and that offer a context for defining putative functions that, it is argued, are better grounded in biology than are some of the traditional concepts of cognitive science.

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          Separate visual pathways for perception and action.

          Accumulating neuropsychological, electrophysiological and behavioural evidence suggests that the neural substrates of visual perception may be quite distinct from those underlying the visual control of actions. In other words, the set of object descriptions that permit identification and recognition may be computed independently of the set of descriptions that allow an observer to shape the hand appropriately to pick up an object. We propose that the ventral stream of projections from the striate cortex to the inferotemporal cortex plays the major role in the perceptual identification of objects, while the dorsal stream projecting from the striate cortex to the posterior parietal region mediates the required sensorimotor transformations for visually guided actions directed at such objects.
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            The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype.

            Lancelets ('amphioxus') are the modern survivors of an ancient chordate lineage, with a fossil record dating back to the Cambrian period. Here we describe the structure and gene content of the highly polymorphic approximately 520-megabase genome of the Florida lancelet Branchiostoma floridae, and analyse it in the context of chordate evolution. Whole-genome comparisons illuminate the murky relationships among the three chordate groups (tunicates, lancelets and vertebrates), and allow not only reconstruction of the gene complement of the last common chordate ancestor but also partial reconstruction of its genomic organization, as well as a description of two genome-wide duplications and subsequent reorganizations in the vertebrate lineage. These genome-scale events shaped the vertebrate genome and provided additional genetic variation for exploitation during vertebrate evolution.
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              Nothing in Biology Makes Sense except in the Light of Evolution

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                paul.cisek@umontreal.ca
                Journal
                Atten Percept Psychophys
                Atten Percept Psychophys
                Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
                Springer US (New York )
                1943-3921
                1943-393X
                3 June 2019
                3 June 2019
                2019
                : 81
                : 7
                : 2265-2287
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.14848.31, ISNI 0000 0001 2292 3357, Department of Neuroscience, , University of Montréal, ; Montréal, Québec Canada
                Article
                1760
                10.3758/s13414-019-01760-1
                6848052
                31161495
                cda5f5b7-fdef-4c36-a3c3-7b1460009f88
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000024, Canadian Institutes of Health Research;
                Award ID: MOP-102662
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada;
                Award ID: RGPIN/05245
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000156, Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé;
                Categories
                Time for Action: Reaching for a Better Understanding of the Dynamics of Cognition
                Custom metadata
                © The Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2019

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                cognitive neuroscience,animal cognition,neural mechanisms,evolution

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