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      Mitochondria in COVID-19: from cellular and molecular perspective

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          Abstract

          The rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a closer analysis of cell functioning during β-coronavirus infection. This review will describe evidence for COVID-19 as a syndrome with a strong, albeit still underestimated, mitochondrial component. Due to the sensitivity of host mitochondria to coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2 affects mitochondrial signaling, modulates the immune response, modifies cellular energy metabolism, induces apoptosis and ageing, worsening COVID-19 symptoms which can sometimes be fatal. Various aberrations across human systems and tissues and their relationships with mitochondria were reported. In this review, particular attention is given to characterization of multiple alterations in gene expression pattern and mitochondrial metabolism in COVID-19; the complexity of interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial proteins is presented. The participation of mitogenome fragments in cell signaling and the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNA within membranous compartments, including mitochondria is widely discussed. As SARS-CoV-2 severely affects the quality system of mitochondria, the cellular background for aberrations in mitochondrial dynamics in COVID-19 is additionally characterized. Finally, perspectives on the mitigation of COVID-19 symptoms by affecting mitochondrial biogenesis by numerous compounds and therapeutic treatments are briefly outlined.

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          Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19

          Progressive respiratory failure is the primary cause of death in the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Despite widespread interest in the pathophysiology of the disease, relatively little is known about the associated morphologic and molecular changes in the peripheral lung of patients who die from Covid-19.
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            Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

            Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that emerged in late 2019 and has caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named ‘coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19), which threatens human health and public safety. In this Review, we describe the basic virology of SARS-CoV-2, including genomic characteristics and receptor use, highlighting its key difference from previously known coronaviruses. We summarize current knowledge of clinical, epidemiological and pathological features of COVID-19, as well as recent progress in animal models and antiviral treatment approaches for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss the potential wildlife hosts and zoonotic origin of this emerging virus in detail.
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              Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey

              Highlights • The COVID-19 outbreak significantly affects the mental health of Chinese public • During the outbreak, young people had a higher risk of anxiety than older people • Spending too much time thinking about the outbreak is harmful to mental health • Healthcare workers were at high risk for poor sleep
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/101508/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Journal
                Front Physiol
                Front Physiol
                Front. Physiol.
                Frontiers in Physiology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-042X
                21 June 2024
                2024
                : 15
                : 1406635
                Affiliations
                Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology , Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Faculty of Biology , Adam Mickiewicz University , Poznań, Poland
                Author notes

                Edited by: Nazzareno Capitanio, University of Foggia, Italy

                Reviewed by: Srinivas Sriramula, East Carolina University, United States

                Dana Manuela Savulescu, Bioforum, Israel

                *Correspondence: Michał Rurek, rurek@ 123456amu.edu.pl
                Article
                1406635
                10.3389/fphys.2024.1406635
                11224649
                ca596e39-02df-4d2d-b93a-bf096c7ef382
                Copyright © 2024 Rurek.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 25 March 2024
                : 27 May 2024
                Funding
                The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by the Excellent Initiative–Research University (ID-UB) program at the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań and KNOW RNA Research Center at Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań (no. 01/KNOW2/2014).
                Categories
                Physiology
                Review
                Custom metadata
                Mitochondrial Research

                Anatomy & Physiology
                cellular signaling,covid-19,mitochondrial biogenesis,mitogenome,protein-protein interactions,respiration,sars-cov-2

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